1. https://apmodels.wikispaces.com/Political+Geography

2. Warm-up: Read handout on States and Independent countries and answer the questions that are at the bottom of the page.

3. Borders and Boundaries

4. Europe: A continent (not a country!)
You will need to take notes on your own paper.
Label it “Borders and Boundaries”
When the slide says “Question Time” you will respond on the white board.

5. Question time!
What is a boundary?

6. “Technical” definition
Boundary – vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface

7. Boundaries are …
Defined – written legal description (in a treaty-like document) of a boundary
Delimited – translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) into an official cartographic representation
Demarcated – actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of barriers, fences, etc

8. International boundaries
International boundaries - Establish the limits of sovereignty and can be the source of disputes.

9. Types of Boundaries
Natural Boundaries: follow a feature of the landscape
Examples: mountains, rivers, deserts, lakes, oceans

10. Question time! Find a natural boundary in Europe.
Write the name of the natural feature.
For which countries does it serve as a border?

11. Geometric Boundaries: follow regular, geometric patterns
Usually straight lines; often based on lines of latitude or longitude

12. Question time!
What part of the United States has the most geometric boundaries?
Where can you find geometric boundaries in Africa?

13. Superimposed boundaries - a political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape

14. Cultural Boundaries: borders based on culture traits, such as religion, language, or ethnicity

15. Question time!
Why would the border between Spain and Portugal be a cultural boundary?

17. The British Isles are made up of two countries:
The Republic of Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The UK has four political units:
Scotland
Northern Ireland
England
Wales

18. Key:
United Kingdom

19. Question time!
Catherine Zeta Jones is from Wales. What island is she from?
Is she English?
Is she British?
Since she is from Wales, what do you think she calls herself?

20. Question time! Find the area labeled “Yugoslavia”.
Watch the map below. What has happened to Yugoslavia since 1989?

22. Question time!
What type of boundary separates the countries of the former Yugoslavia?

23. Question time!
True or False: Greenland is a country.

24. Question time!
Find the little piece of Russia next to the Baltic Sea. This area is known as an “exclave”. What do you think “exclave” means?

25. Exclave – an area separated from the rest of a country

26. Question Time!
Give one additional example of an exclave

27. Microstates = very small States (aka countries)
There are several in Europe: Liechtenstein
San Marino
Monaco
Vatican City
Andorra
Microstates are independent countries that have sovereignty = meaning no other country has power over them

28. All of the following describe Europe’s microstates EXCEPT:
Some are completely surrounded by another country
They are controlled by other countries
Vatican City and San Marino are microstates
They are very small countries

29. Question time! Fill in the blanks:
Europe is a ___________________,not a ___________________!

30. Warm-up Write down this question:
How has the map of Europe changed over time?
Now watch the following clip to answer your question…

31. Warm-up: Look in the Atlas
Look at the current map of Europe on page 29. Now compare it to Europe during World War I on page 92, Europe after WWI on 94, and Europe after WWII on 97.
Answer on warm-up sheet: How has the map of Europe changed over time?