1. © T. M. Whitmore Today Australia & New Zealand  Physical Geography  Population and density issues  Historical, economic, and cultural  Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

2. © T. M. Whitmore Last Time SE Asia-questions? European colonization Contemporary population issues in SE Asia Country details in SE Asia

3. © T. M. Whitmore Australia & New Zealand Size and location Physical Geography  Australia Australia  Landforms  Climate  Vegetation and physical features  New Zealand New Zealand

11. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

15. © T. M. Whitmore Population in Australia & New Zealand Australia  Low population  Large area => low density New Zealand  Small pop but small area

17. © T. M. Whitmore History & Settlement of Australia Aboriginal inhabitants European entry & impact Core area of settlement  Either side of Great Dividing Range  Major cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide  Vast majority of pop is urban ~ 85%

18. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

20. © T. M. Whitmore Australia: Export-based primary sector economy mostly Minerals and ores — iron, copper, coal, nickel, etc a major supplier Minerals Agricultural animals beef, lambs, sheep, wool (20-30% or total for world) Agricultural Wheat: 4th largest producer “Import substitution” local economy Spatially economy is like a donut Problem: to keep up with high growth mostly industrial economies in Far East  Less trade to colonizer - UK Less

21. © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

25. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Native settlement  People of Polynesian origins called Maori settled in ~ 1000 AD  Bulk of Maori settlement on N island European exploration and settlement  Tasman in late 1600s  British influence dates from Cook in 1769/70 European and Maori encounters  Initial impact was a prolonged and bloody war  A second impact was the effect of disease

26. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand II Transformations by European settlers  Extinctions: e.g., moas  Introduction of cattle, pigs, and sheep  Huge deforestation Population and settlement  Most settlement is on N island  ~ 4m pop (sheep ~ 25m and cattle ~ 8m  ~ 85% urban  Peripheral settlement pattern like Australia

28. © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

29. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Economy  Traditional ties to Great Britain  As the UK joined the EC and preferential trade was stopped  Does not have a rich mineral resource base – animal agriculture baseanimal agriculture base  Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries

33. © T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights Australian aboriginal rights Australian  Court cases have given economic rights  Backlash by right wing political parties  Aborigines are by far the worst off of groups Maori (New Zealand) issues Maori  Increasingly demanding traditional rights to fishing etc.  ~ 10% of pop is Maori  By 2010 they may be 25% of pop

34. © John Wiley & Sons Aboriginal Land claims N. Territory Aboriginal lands

35. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

37. © T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights II Asian immigration in Australia  Until 1970s Australia maintained a “Whites only” immigration policyWhites only  Changed in the 1970s and a large number of Asians have immigrated to Australia  Now only ~ 1/3 of Australians are of UK background

38. © W.H. Freeman & Co.