1. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Presentation of the Recommendation ITU-T K 100: Presentation of the Recommendation ITU-T K 100: "Measurement of radio frequency of electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service" ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Africa Dakar, Senegal 24-25 March 2015 Patrick ZEBOUA ARTCI

2. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 INTRODUCTION Development of networks and wireless technologies since the years 90  Strong integration of mobile services  Deployment of radio-electric infrastructure  Problematic of the exposure to electromagnetic waves Involvement of several structures at various levels to address the problematic 2

3. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Actors and their areas of intervention 3 Research on the possible biological and health effects of EMF and safety standards relating to the exposure of populations Development of standards for evaluation and measurement of exposure levels: Assessment of the conformity of the exposure to electromagnetic waves WHO, CIPR-NI, National Authorities, etc. IEC, CENELEC, COST 281, national bodies, ITU-T (CE5] etc. Regulators, operators, national organizations

4. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 4 ITU-T Study Group 5 (CE5) WP1/5 Damage Prevention and Safety WP2/5 Electromagnetic fields: emission, immunity and human exposure WP3/5 ICT and climate change 5 Questions 6 Questions 7 Questions Question 12 Terminologies Structure Q7/5 - Human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) due to radio systems and mobile equipment

5. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 5 A few ITU-T Recommendations approved by the EC5 ITU-T Recommendation K. 52 aims to define the techniques and procedures designed to determine the conformity of the telecommunications facilities and handset to limit values of national or international electromagnetic fields warranting security. ITU-T Recommendation K. 61 aims to help telecommunications operators to check the conformity of their facilities to the standards in the field of exposure limit values defined by local or national authorities. It contains guidelines on the measurement methods that could be used to assess this compliance. It also gives indications relevant for the choice of pertinent numerical methods for the prediction of the exposure level in various situations. ITU-T Recommendation K. 70 defines techniques which can be used by telecommunications operators to evaluate the report of total exposure in the vicinity of the transmitting antennas and to identify the main source of radiation. It provides advice on the mitigation methods which allow the reduction of the level of radiation so as to comply with the exposure limits. - estimator ** Software in appendix allowing its implementation : EMF - estimator

6. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 A few ITU-T Recommendations approved by the EC5 Recommendations ITU-T K. 83: The objective of the Recommendation K. 83 is to provide the public with clear information on the levels of electromagnetic fields in areas accessible to the public in the form of result continued measurement Recommendations ITU-T K. 91 : The Recommendation ITU-T K. 91 gives guidance on how to assess and monitor the exposure of persons to electromagnetic fields (EMF) of radio frequency (RF), in areas surrounded by facilities of radiocommunication, based on existing standards relating to the exposure and to the conformity in the range of frequencies between 9 kHz and 300 GHZ. ** A computer software uncertainties is attached to this Recommendation.

7. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 7 Recommendations ITU-T K100 Entitled: "Measurement of radio frequency of electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service" Publisher: Davide Colombi & Byung Chan Kim Approval Date: 07/12/2014 Approval Procedure: AAP Original Version: English Summary: This Recommendation provides information on measurement techniques and method to assess the conformity of the electromagnetic fields to the limits of exposure of the general public when a new base station (BS) is put into service, taking into account the effects of the environment and other relevant sources of RF emissions in the vicinity of this new base station

8. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 ITU-T K 100: general procedure 8

9. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Data to collect  For each service implemented: Frequencies, bandwidth of channels; Powers of transmitters and gains of the antennas;  Specific case of mobile communication systems GSM: central frequency of the BCCH and number of transmitters WCDMA: Frequency CPICH and average power LTE: central frequency and bandwidth  Technical information, if possible, on the base stations in the vicinity 9

10. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Simplified Assessment It pertains to the enabling procedures to verify the conformity of a base station without the necessity to unfold to any length the procedure for detailed assessment 10 PIRE (W)PIRE(dBm)Compliance Criteria ≤ 2≤ 33 Intrinsically consistent ≤ 10≤ 40 The lower part of the antenna is located at a height of 2.2 m from the track accessible to the public < 100≤ 50 The lower part of the antenna is located at a height of 2.5 m from the track accessible to the public; In the direction of the main lobe the areas accessible to the general public are located at least 2 meters, No other source of radio electric emission with a PIRE above 10 W, is located at a distance less than 10 m from the installation evaluated in the direction of the main lobe and less than 2 m in the other directions > 100> 50 The lower part of the antenna is located at a height of H m of the track accessible to the public; In the direction of the main lobe the areas accessible to the general public are located at least D m meters, Any other source of radio-electric emission with a PIRE above 100 W, is located more than 5D m meters from the evaluated facility in the direction of the main lobe and to more than 2D m meters in the other directions

11. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Simplified Assessment Hm and Dm = Fct (freq,PIRE) (see equation 7.1 ; 7.2 ; 7.3 Rec ITU-T K. 100) For example: a 400MHz transmitter with a pire of 2000 W, is compliant if 17. The lower part of the antenna is located at a height of 12 m from the track accessible to the public; 18. In the direction of the main lobe the areas accessible to the general public are located at least 18 m 19. Any other source of radio-electric emission with a PIRE above 100 W, is located at a distance less than 90 meters from the evaluated facility in the direction of the main lobe and less than 36 m in the other directions 11 Typical values of Dm Typical values of Hm

12. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 12 Area of investigation 12 Top View of the Assessment domain boundaryProfile View of the Assessment domain boundary

13. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Domain of investigation 13 Typical value of the parameter D of the Assessment domain boundary For example:  In GSM 1800, for a PIRE= 2000W, the value of D is significantly less than 20 meters. In other words to more than 20 m of the installation the ratio of exposure is less than - 0.05 ; the compliance is therefore ensured  In GSM 900, for a PIRE = 4000W, the value of D is significantly less than 40 meters. In other words to more than 40 m of the installation the ratio of exposure is less than - 0.05 ; the compliance is therefore ensured

14. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 General Evaluation 14  The general assessment of the exposure consists in the measure of the intensity of total field on the whole frequency range covered by the recommendation, or at least in the range of frequencies used by the technologies on the site, including surrunding sources.  Measurement Devices The broadband device is therefore adapted to this type of measurement. Selective device for frequency can also be used by integrating the intensity of a field on the full bandwidth.  Magnitude measured At a sufficient distance from the source, only the electrical (E) or magnetic (H) mean-square (RMS) of the field intensity should be measured and the exposure ratio (ER) can be calculated as follows :  Measurement Area The measurement should be carried out in the field of investigation to a height of 1.5 m  Criterion of conformity The site is deemed to be cormpliant, if the measured level of maximum density of total power in DI is less than one twentieth of the lowest power density limit in the frequency bands covered by the measurement.

15. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Detailed Assessment 15

16. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Detailed Assessment  Evaluation of neighbouring base stations If the operating bands of ambient sources are known, the contribution of ER of each source is measured with the selective device for frequency by integrating the intensity of the field on the corresponding band. When this information is not directly available, it can be recovered by inspection of important peaks in the spectrum.  Determination of the TER When the extrapolated intensity of the field Ei in each band (Bi) used by the evaluated base station and by the relevant ambient sources is known in the points of the DI where the evaluation of the overall exposure have stated the maximum field, the total level of exposure is calculated by adding the ratios of exposure.  Criterion of conformity The site is deemed to be compliant, if the ER of the evaluated base station obtained with the detailed measurement is less than 0.05 or when the TER < 1. 16

17. Committed to Connecting the World 14-25 March 2011 Geneva, 14-25 March 2011 Additional information  ITU-T/SG5 "Environment & Climate Change" itu.int/go/tsg5itu.int/go/tsg5  ITU-T and Climate Change itu.int/go/itu-t/climateitu.int/go/itu-t/climate THANK YOU!