1. Learning Objectives Name different types of compounds using IUPAC nomenclature rules – Ionic compounds Containing main group or transition metals – Covalent compounds – Acids – Bases Naming Compounds

2. Compound – two or more elements that are chemically bonded -Compounds do not have overall charges Types of Compounds: – Ionic – Covalent Compounds

3. Ionic Compound – a compound composed of cations and anions – Cation – positively charged ion – Anion – negatively charged ion Covalent Compound – a compound made of only nonmetallic elements – Also known as molecular Ionic & Covalent Compounds

4. Cation naming pattern metal’s name + ion Anion naming pattern nonmetal’s stem + -ide Naming Cations & Anions Ex) K + = = Ex) F – potassium ion fluor ide

5. Binary ionic compound – an ionic compound composed of two ions metallic ion + nonmetallic ion – Metals form monatomic cations – Nonmetals form monatomic anions Types of Ionic Compounds

6. Binary ionic compound naming pattern metal’s name + nonmetal’s stem + -ide Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Ex) KF= potassium fluor ide

7. Some metals have more than one oxidation state – In these cases, Roman numerals are used to denote the charge of the ion in the compound Binary ionic compound containing multiple oxidation state metal naming pattern metal’s name(Roman numeral) + nonmetal’s stem + -ide Metals with Multiple Oxidations States = Ex) FeF 2 iron (II) fluor ide

8. Fixed Charge Metals

9. Charge indicated by the Roman numeral has become the subscript of the other ion in the formula Ionic formulas are always written in their lowest whole number ratio The charges on the ions in this compound are Cu 2+ and O 2– The correct name is copper(II) oxide Ionic Compounds with Roman Numerals = Ex) FeF 2 iron (II) fluor ide Ex) What is the name for CuO?

10. Ionic compounds with polyatomic ions – Polyatomic Ion – a charged group of covalently bonded atoms that stay bonded together during chemical reactions – Some ionic compounds are bases Bases are usually composed of a metallic ion and the polyatomic ion hydroxide (OH – ) These bases are named like other ionic compounds with polyatomic ions Types of Ionic Compounds Ex) NO 3 – Ex) LiOH

11. Ionic compound naming pattern cation’s name + anion’s name Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Ex) NH 4 NO 3 = ammoniumnitrate

12. The table lists the names and formulas of common polyatomic ions Polyatomic Ions NameFormula AcetateC2H3O2–C2H3O2– AmmoniumNH 4 + CarbonateCO 3 2– ChlorateClO 3 – ChloriteClO 2 – ChromateCrO 4 2– CyanideCN – DicromateCr 2 O 7 2– Hydrogen carbonateHCO 3 – HydroxideOH – HypochloriteClO – NitrateNO 3 – NitriteNO 2 – PerchlorateClO 4 – PermanganateMnO 4 – PhosphatePO 4 3– SulfateSO 4 2– SulfiteSO 3 2–

13. Oxyanion – a polyatomic ion that includes oxygen – Oxyanions are named in series Most common ion naming pattern nonmetal stem’s + -ate – Look up or memorize the formulas of -ate ions – Other formulas in the series can be deduced from the -ate ion formula Patterns in Naming Polyatomic Ions Ex) ClO 3 – = chlor ate

14. Each oxyanion in the series will have a different number of oxygen atoms Prefixes and suffixes attached to the nonmetal stem will designate the ion’s place in the series Patterns in Naming Polyatomic Ions OxyanionFormula perchlorateClO 4 – chlorateClO 3 – chloriteClO 2 – hypochloriteClO – Ex)

15. Ions with one more oxygen than the -ate ion have the prefix per- and the ending -ate Ions with one less oxygen than the -ate ion have the ending -ite Ions with two less oxygens have the prefix hypo- and the ending -ite Patterns in Naming Polyatomic Ions OxyanionFormula perchlorateClO 4 – chlorateClO 3 – chloriteClO 2 – hypochloriteClO – Ex)