1. Chemistry of Life FATS AND LIPIDS Organic Compounds

2. ROLE OF LIPIDS Fat provides needed energy. It is difficult to eat the large amounts of food in a very low fat diet to get all the energy you need. Fat is needed so your body can absorb the fat soluble vitamins A, S, E, K, and prevent deficiencies of these vitamins.

3. Provides back-up energy if blood sugar supplies run out (after 4-6 hours without food). Provides insulation under the skin from the cold and the heat. ROLE OF LIPIDS

4. Protects organs and bones from shock and provides support for organs. Fat surrounds and insulates nerve fibers to help transmit nerve impulses. ROLE OF LIPIDS

5. Fat is part of every cell membrane in the body. It helps transport nutrients and metabolites across cell membranes. Your body uses fat to make a variety of other building blocks needed for everything from hormones to immune function. ROLE OF LIPIDS

6. FATS AND LIPIDS Generally, - FATS are extracted from animals - OILS are extracted from plants Health authorities recommend that no more than 30% of our calories come from fat, and no more than 7-10% from saturated fats.

7. Three types of lipids: –Simple fats also known as triglycerides –Phospholipids –Steroids Are the primary components of cell membranes. Function as storage of energy, membrane structure and some act as hormones (steroids). Consist of C, H, and O. Are nonpolar and insoluble in water. FATS AND LIPIDS

8. It is the main source of metabolic fuel of the body. Lipids exist in many forms: - fatty acids - phosphoglycerides - sphingolipids - waxes - terpenes - steroids FATS AND LIPIDS

9. Simple Lipids Called fats or triglycerides contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acids.

10. FATTY ACIDS Fatty acids maybe - saturated (BAD FATS) - unsaturated (REACTIVE FATS) Stored around vital organs (heart, kidneys, and spleen), where it cushions and help to prevent injury to these organs.

11. MONOSATURATED FATS DARK GOLD TO GREEN, FLAVOURED OIL FROM PLANT PRODUCTS. GOOD FOR YOU - try some olives - spread some peanut butter - snack on almonds - eat more avocados - cook with olive, sesame and canola oil

12. POLYUNSATURATED FATS LIGHT AND TRANSPARENT OIL FROM PLANT PRODUCTS AND FISH. NOT-SO-BAD FOR YOU - snack on seeds - eat fish twice a week - try nuts, especially walnuts - use Omega-6 oils sparingly

13. SATURATED FATS FATS SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND GENERALLY IN ANIMAL-BASED FOODS.. NOT-SO-GOOD FOR YOU - lose fat in poultry, go skinless - go easy on butter - choose lean meats and trim off visible fat - drink skim milk - sample low-fat cheeses

14. TRANS FAT HYDROGENATED FATS IN PROCESSED FOODS... BAD FOR YOU - avoid deep-fried foods - read snack labels - cut back on crusts - count your cookies - pace yourself on pastries

15. These are important components of the plasma membrane Contain C, H, and O + P, N, or S. Membranes are made of phospholipids PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES

16. Best known phospogycerides: - LECITHIN- found in egg yolk, liver, yeast, brain; act as emulsifying agent - CEPHALIN- found in brain tissues

17. SPHINGOLIPIDS Found in the brain, lungs and nerve tissues. Sphingomyelin- It helps maintain the shape of the lungs of a fetus by reducing the water tension in the walls of the lung area.

18. WAXES Used as lubricants, polishers, and ointment. Serves as protection of some leaves like of the gabi leaf

19. TERPENES Do not contain fatty acids but are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. The aroma of some plants is due to terpenes. Examples of terpenes: - chlorophyll - carotene - vitamins A, E and K - coenzyme Q

20. STERIODS Examples of steroids: - cholesterol - bile salts - sex hormones a. Androgen b. Estrogen

21. Cholesterol- harmful to the body because it cause heart diseases STERIODS

22. Bile salts – is an emulsifier in the digestive system - made in liver, stored in the gall bladder STERIODS

23. Sex hormones- affect the growth & function of the reproductive organs & developed secondary sex characteristics a. Androgen- commands the cell to create deep voice and facial hair in males STERIODS

24. Sex hormones b. Estrogen- directs the cells to develop breast in female, widening of pelvis, high-pitch voice & absence of beard. Also it stimulates the eggs to ripen. STERIODS

25. What happens if we don't have enough fat? Dry, scaly skin Hair loss Low body weight Cold intolerance Bruising Poor growth Lower resistance to infection Poor wound healing Loss of menstruation