1. S6 Geography

2. What is Geography? ► Geography by nature is a discipline which asks questions arising from the spatial structuring (distribution and arrangement) of the environment and from spatial situations in which physical, biotic and socioeconomic phenomena interact.

3. It seeks to establish theories on ► how people and things are distributed and organized spatially on the earth ► why people and things form certain kinds of spatial patterns in particular places ► whether similar patterns of interactions between people and their environment recur in different parts of the world ► the nature of the processes that have operated to produce these spatial patterns

4. It seeks to establish theories on ► how knowledge of these processes may provide guidance to people making decisions about the location of activities, the use of the land and other resources, the environmental impact of human activities, and the planning, prediction and control of selected phenomena on the earth ’ s surface.

5. AL Geography Syllabus ► There are 3 landscapes ► Natural Landscapes ► Agricultural Landscapes ► Urban & Industrial Landscapes

6. Natural Landscapes ► Climatic System ► Biotic System ► Man-land Relationship ► Landform System

7. AL Examination Paper 1 Paper 2 Time allowed Type of Question No. of questions set No. of questions should be answered Any compulsory question 3 hours Structural question Essay 9 11 5 4 1 Nil

8. Reading Assignment ► David Waugh, Geography: An Integrated Approach, Chapter 9, pp. 206-259

9. Components of Climatic System Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Lithosphere

10. Components of Climatic System ► Atmosphere ► Hydrosphere ► Lithosphere ► Biosphere

11. Structure of the atmosphere The atmosphere can be divided into several layers according to temperature. troposphere ( 對流層 ) stratosphere ( 平流層 ) mesosphere thermosphere

12. Structure of the atmosphere Troposphere contains most of the gases the layer where major weather occurs air mixing temperature decreases with increasing altitude 6.5 o C per 1 km environmental lapse rate

13. Components of the atmosphere

14. Structure of Atmosphere Climatologists divide the atmosphere into different layers according to the change in temperature

15. ► Air pressure decreases as altitude increases ► because of gravity Spatial distribution of Gases

16. Components of Atmosphere ► Nitrogen 78.9% ► Oxygen 20.95 % ► Water vapour 0.2 - 4.0% ► C0 2 0.03% ► Ozone 0.00006% ► Inert gases ► Dust ► Pollutants e.g. C0 2, NO, methane