1. Haiti, Slavery, and the U.S.

2. Quick Overview of Haiti’s History  1492: “Discovered” by Columbus

3. Quick Overview of Haiti’s History  1492: “Discovered” by Columbus  Sugar Island: Immense Wealth Produced by Slaves

4. Quick Overview of Haiti’s History  1492: “Discovered” by Columbus  Sugar Island: Immense Wealth Produced by Slaves  Slave Revolt and Independence Movement: 1791-1803

5. Quick Overview of Haiti’s History  1492: “Discovered” by Columbus  Sugar Island: Immense Wealth Produced by Slaves  Slave Revolt and Independence Movement: 1791-1803  Napoleon, Haiti, and the Louisiana Purchase

6. An Empire for Liberty? Slavery, Native Americans, and Western Expansion

7. Defining the “West” (A Moving Target) The Old Northwest The Old Southwest “Far West”

8. Jefferson, Republicanism and Western Expansionism  Jefferson: Landownership and Equality Important  Independent Landowners Can Resist Corruption Better than Wage Owners

9. Idea of “Manifest Destiny” Manifest Destiny: America has a God- Given Right to Settle the Continent

10. Removal and the Debate over Native Americans  Pro-Removal: Indians are biologically incapable of becoming “civilized”

11. Removal and the Debate over Native Americans  Pro-Removal: Indians are biologically incapable of becoming “civilized”  Anti-Removal: Indians can be more like whites.

12. Which Political Party Was More Likely to Support Indian Rights?  A. Democrats: They represent the immigrants and “The People.”  B. Whigs: They are the reformers.

13. Cherokee Strategy: Adopt White Without Assimilation  Chief John Ross leads movement to “modernize” Cherokee economy  Commercial farming, iron foundry, and slaves  All Land Kept in Tribe

14. Cherokees Established a Republic  Written language, own newspaper  Constitution and legislature  School and postal system

15. Cherokees Still Faced Pressure to Leave Cherokee Land Contained Gold, Prime Soil for Plantations

16. Narrative of Removal  1817: Cherokees formed independent republic  1830: Congress Passed Indian Removal Act (CLOSE VOTE)  1835: Treaty of New Echota  1838: Forced Removal and Trail of Tears

17. Tragedy of the Trail of Tears

18. The Forcible Removal of Native Americans Was Inevitable.  A. Yes  B. No

19. Another Tragedy: Interstate Slave Trade  Rich Cotton Lands in the Southwest Encourage Planters to Move Slaves

20. Another Tragedy: Interstate Slave Trade  Rich Cotton Lands in the Southwest Encourage Planters to Move Slaves  650,000 Slaves Sold to the West

21. Another Tragedy: Interstate Slave Trade  Rich Cotton Lands in the Southwest Encourage Planters to Move Slaves  650,000 Slaves Sold to the West  Network of Slave Traders, Middlemen, and Creditors

22. Location of Slaves, 1820

23. Location of Slaves, 1860

24. The Tragedy of the Slave Trade  Breakup of the Slave Families (50 percent of all nuclear families)

25. The Tragedy of the Slave Trade  Breakup of the Slave Families (50 percent of all nuclear families)  Poor Conditions in West

26. The Tragedy of the Slave Trade  Breakup of the Slave Families (50 percent of all nuclear families)  Poor Conditions in West  Plantation Discipline