1. A Study of The Canterbury Tales and Exploring Canterbury

2. Table of Contents The Journey Begins... England in the Middle Ages Focus question Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales Travelers to Canterbury Chaucer’s Middle Ages Population

3. The Journey Begins... In October 1066, a daylong battle near Hastings, England, changed the course of history.

4. England in the Middle Ages Feudalism replaced the Nordic social system. The primary duty of males above the serf class was to serve in the military—Knighthood. Women had no political rights. Chivalry and courtly love served as the system of social codes

5. England in the Middle Ages Lower, middle, and upper-middle classes developed in the cities.

6. England in the Middle Ages The Crusades extended from 1095-1270. They brought contact with Eastern mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and crafts.

7. England in the Middle Ages The Magna-Carta defeated papal central power.

8. England in the Middle Ages The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was the first national war waged by England.

9. England in the Middle Ages The Black Death (1348-1349) brought the end of the Middle Ages. Fleas on rats carried the bubonic plague which killed thousands of people. in Europe.

10. How do the writings of the Middle Ages represent the lives, loves, loyalties, and humor of humanity? Discover the answer by reading The Canterbury Tales

11. Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 Born into a well-to-do family Served three kings: Edward III, Richard II, H Entry IV Served as a soldier, government servant, and member of Parliament First writer buried in Westminster Abbey

12. FATHER OF THE ENGLISH LITERATURE Wrote in the vernacular 1368-1378 Travelled a lot became interested in Dante – Petrarca – Boccaccio His works divided in three periods: The French The Italian The English

13. The French period The Boke of the Duchesse (ca. 1369) - elegy for all young good wives The Romaunt of the Rose (before1373) - introduces the reader to medieval courtly love

14. The Italian Period The Parlament of Foules (ca. 1380) - popular genres of medieval literature The House of Fame (ca. 1383) - dealing with the contemplation of the vanity of human whishes The Legende of Good Women - first attempt of couplet in English Troylus and Criseyde - long poem adapted from Boccaccio

15. The English Period The Canterbury Tales

16. What is the book about? What are some significant historical issues? What are important stylistic elements? Why is The Canterbury Tales important in the development of the English language?

17. What is the book about? Spring Thirty people Chaucer himsel Pilgrimage to Thomas Becket’s Shrine in Canterbury Pilgrims Different social classes Tabard Inn in London

18. What is the book about?

19. The host Two stories going Two stories coming back A prize for best story A penalty for those who give up All Pilgrims aggree and sett off

20. What is the book about? Pilgrimage as a frame

21. Structure pilgrims are introduced 24 tales rhiming couplet Iambic pentameters stressed/unstressed syll. preceded by prologue / introduces the theme sometime epilogue

22. Symbols Departure / Inn / wordly pleasure Destination / Canterbury / holy Canterbury celestial city end of life Pilgrimage allegory of the course of human life

23. Work unfinished The pilgrims do not reach Canterbury

24. Snapshot of an Age The characters are a concise portrait of an entire nation. The pilgrimage is a quest narrative that moves from images of spring and awakening to penance, death, and eternal life. The characters tell stories that reflect “everyman” in the universal pilgrimage of life.

25. The Travelers to Canterbury Working Class Plowman Reeve Host Cook Miller Haberdashe r Dyer Carpente r Weaver Carpetmaker

26. The Travelers to Canterbury Professional Class MilitaryReligiousSecular Knight, Squire, Yeoman Nun, Prioress 3 Priests, Friar, Parson,Pardoner, Summoner Cleric, Serjeant at Law, Merchant, Skipper, Doctor

27. The Travelers to Canterbury Upper Class Wife of BathFranklin

28. Chaucer’s Snapshot of the Middle Ages Population

29. Historical issues Recall that Thomas à Becket was murdered because he refused to appease Henry II by petitioning Rome to get rid of the ecclesiastic courts

30. Historical issues The pilgrims in Chaucer’s work are truly a motley group. The Canterbury Tales represents a vast representation of people and occupations from the late Middle Ages in England. Historians have looked to the Prologue to discover aspects of medieval life, including what people did and how they thought.

31. Historical issues ùùù The changes from the medieval world to the ideology of the Renaissance are beginning, and these are represented in the attitudes of the pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales.

32. Some of these changes include: Social mobility Physical mobility Ideals of love The role of women (Many notable ecclesiastic women) The changes in attitude towards the church Changing attitudes towards the notion of divine rights of kings and nobles, fueled by the 100 Years’ War The House of Commons gains considerable power during the reign of Edward

33. Stylistic Elements Chaucer uses narrative voice to its fullest potential in this work. The tales themselves are narrated by different characters A scribe (who describes himself as not too bright) writes them down This scribe is actually Chaucer’s alter ego

34. Stylistic Elements The Canterbury Tales is written in verse, much of it in iambic pentameter, much of it in heroic couplets. Chaucer also employs rhymes and prose Chaucer also presents an example of almost every popular literary genre in this work: romance, beast fable, fabliaux, saint story, parable, dialectical discourse, and sermon. His ironic tone is almost perfect

35. Stylistic Elements Perhaps the most notable element of The Canterbury Tales, however, is Chaucer’s superb characterization. The many voices are painted with intensely detailed lines, and each one is unique and realistic The Canterbury Tales represents a singular moment of representing psychological reality of character, which Chaucer presents with excruciatingly meticulous accuracy. Not until Shakespeare would this be realized again in the English language

36. Importance to the English Language Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales was universally admired as soon as it appeared.* It supported efforts of those in England who wanted to separate once and for all from France, and the end of the 100 Years’ War would mark the final change that separated England and English culture from that of France and the rest of Europe.

37. Importance to the English Language By 1363, the official language of the court was changed from French to English; English was becoming more commonly taught in schools, superseding Latin. Chaucer’s work provided validation of language and culture that shone proudly during its time.