1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

2. Chapter 1 Objectives Explain the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer Identify the components of a computer Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Differentiate among the various categories of software Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe the categories of computers and their uses Explain the purpose of a network Identify the various types of computer users Understand how a user can be a Web publisher p. 1.2

3. p. 1.2 Fig. 1-1 The Digital Revolution Where can you find computers?  Computers are everywhere Next

4. The Digital Revolution What is computer literacy?  If you are computer literate, you have knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses p. 1.4 Next

5. What Is a Computer? What is a computer?  An electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory accepts data manipulates the data according to specified rules produces results stores the results for future use p. 1.4 Next

6. Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful What is a Computer? What are data and information? p. 1.4 Fig. 1-2 Next

7. What is a Computer? Who is a user?  Someone that communicates with a computer  Someone who uses the information it generates p. 1.4 Next

8. Software The series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks Hardware The electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer What is a Computer? What are hardware and software? p. 1.4 Next

9. Input Any data or instructions you enter into a computer Output Data that has been processed into information Storage Area in a computer that can hold data and information for future use Communication The capability of communicating with other computers What is the information processing cycle? What is a Computer? Process Manipulate the input (data) to produce output (information) p. 1.5 Next

10. The Components of a Computer What are common computer hardware components? printer scanner speaker PC camera microphone digital camera system unit keyboard modem speaker monitor mouse p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3 Next

11. The Components of a Computer What is an input device?  Any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer scanner microphone keyboard mouse PC camera digital camera Click to view Web Link then click Input Devices p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3 Next

12. The Components of a Computer What is an output device?  Any hardware component that can convey information to a user Click to view Web Link then click Output Devices printer monitorspeakers p. 1.6 Fig. 1-3 Next

13. The Components of a Computer What is the system unit ?  Sometimes called a chassis  A box-like case made from metal or plastic that protects the internal electronic components of the computer from damage  Circuitry in the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard hard disk drive CD-RW drive CD-ROM or DVD- ROM drive Zip ® disk drive floppy disk drive p. 1.6 Fig. 1-3 Next

14. Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Click to view Web Link then click Processors p. 1.6 Next

15. The Components of a Computer What is a chip?  An electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents  Usually no bigger than one-half inch square  Packaged so it can be attached to a motherboard processor chip packaging memory chip p. 1.6 Fig. 1-4 Next

16. External Device Also called a peripheral Attaches to the system unit Internal Component Resides inside the system unit The Components of a Computer What are internal components and external devices? p. 1.6 Next

17. The Components of a Computer What is storage?  Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage Device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Devices often function as source of input because they transfer items from storage into memory Storage Medium Physical material on which a computer keeps the data, instructions and information Click to view Web Link then click Storage Devices p. 1.7 Next

18. The Components of a Computer CD-RW drive hard disk drive CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive ZIP ® drive floppy disk drive What are common storage devices or drives? p. 1.7 Fig. 1-3 Next

19. The Components of a Computer What is a floppy disk?  A thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a plastic shell  Insert and remove a floppy disk into and from a floppy disk drive  A Zip ® disk is a higher capacity disk p. 1.7 Fig. 1-5 Next

20. The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk?  Consists of several circular platters that store items electronically  Disks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed case, which often is housed inside the system unit  Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk  Some hard disks are removable removable hard disk self-contained hard disk p. 1.7 Fig. 1-6 & 7 Next

21. The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc?  A flat, round portable medium that stores data using microscopic pits, which are created by a laser light CD-ROM CD-RW –rewriteable CD DVD-ROM – tremendous storage capacities p. 1.8 Fig. 1-8 Next

22. The Components of a Computer What is miniature storage media?  Used in devices such as digital cameras  One popular type is called a card miniature storage media p. 1.8 Fig. 1-9 Next

23. The Components of a Computer What is a communications device?  Enables computer users to communicate and to exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another computer  Allows you to establish a connection between two computers and transmit items over transmission media, such as cables, telephone lines, or satellites modem Click to view Web Link then click Communications Devices  One type is a modem p. 1.8 Fig. 1-3 Next

24. Speed Billions of operations can be carried out in a single second Why Is a Computer So Powerful? What characteristics make a computer powerful? Storage Enormous amounts of data can be stored and made available for processing anytime it is needed Reliability Dependable because components have a low failure rate so they produce consistent results Accuracy If data is entered correctly and program works properly, the results are error-free — garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) accuracy of output depends on accuracy of input Communications Two connected computers can share stored data, instructions, and information p. 1.8 Next

25. Why Is a Computer So Powerful? What is a network?  Two or more computers connected together via communications media and devices  The most widely known network is the Internet p. 1.10 Fig. 1-10 Next

26. Technology Trailblazer Bill Gates  Microsoft’s chairman and chief software architect  Co-founded Microsoft in 1975  Regarded as the most powerful person in the computer industry  Consistently anticipates technological developments and customer needs Click to view Web Link then click Bill Gates p. 1.9 Next

27. Click to view Web Link then click Computer Programs Directs computer to perform alternative operations Prints a report Stores information on disk Computer Software What is a computer program?  A series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what to do Allows you to input data and stores it in memory Uses data in memory in calculations Displays information on monitor Compares values stored in memory p. 1.10 Next

28. Computer Software What is software installation?  Some programs can be loaded directly from purchased media, others must be installed  Install means part or all of the instructions are copied from the purchased media onto the computer's hard disk before the program can be used p. 1.11 Fig. 1-11 Next

29. Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Computer Software What happens when you run a program from a CD- ROM? Step 1: Insert the CD-ROM that contains the program into the CD-ROM drive. Step 2: If necessary, install the program on the hard disk. Then instruct the computer to run the program. Instructions transfer from the CD-ROM or hard disk to memory. Step 3: The program executes and the screen displays graphics that allow you to create a greeting card. p. 1.11 Fig. 1-12 Next

30. Computer Software What is system software?  Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) Set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices Utility program Type of system software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs p. 1.12 Next

31. Computer Software What is the user interface?  Determines how you interact with software  Used to control how you enter data and instructions  Used to control how information displays on the screen p. 1.12 Next

32. Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?  Allows you to interact with the software using visual images such as icons  An icon is a small image that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object icons p. 1.12 Fig. 1-13 Next

33. Click to view Web Link then click Application Software Computer Software What is application software?  Programs that perform specific tasks for users Word processing software Spreadsheet software Database software Presentation graphics software Suite Collection of popular individual software applications bundled together as a single unit Spreadsheet software Database software Presentation graphics software Word processing software p. 1.13 Next

34. Computer Software What is packaged software?  Copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users  Purchase from stores or companies on the Internet p. 1.13 Fig. 1-14 Next

35. Computer Software What is custom software?  Written by a programmer  Tailor-made program developed at a user’s request to perform specific functions p. 1.14 Next

36. Public-Domain Software Freeware donated for public use No copyright restrictions Computer Software What are freeware, public-domain software, and shareware? Freeware Software provided at no cost to a user by an individual or company Copyrighted Cannot resell it on your own Shareware Copyrighted software that is distributed free for a trial period Send a payment to developer on honor system p. 1.14 Next

37. Computer Software What is an application service provider (ASP)? Third-party company that manages and distributes software and services on the Internet You can run the programs from the Internet Both free and paid ASPs p. 1.14 Next

38. Computer Software Who designs and writes software?  Computer programmer (or programmer) Writes software programs  Systems Analyst Designs a program, working with both the user and the programmer to determine the desired output of the program p. 1.14 Next

39. Computer Software How are programs written?  Programmers use a programming language to write computer programs p. 1.14 Fig. 1-15 Next

40. Communications Device Modem Networks and the Internet What is a network?  Collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media  When your computer connects to a network you are online Communications Media Cables Telephone lines Cellular radio Satellites p. 1.16 Next

41. Networks and the Internet What are the reasons to network? Software programs Hardware devices Data Information To save time and money To share resources p. 1.16 Next

42. Networks and the Internet  A network that connects computers in a limited geographic area such as a school computer laboratory, office or group of buildings What is a local area network (LAN)? p. 1.16 Fig. 1-16 Next

43.  Next Networks and the Internet What is a wide area network (WAN)?  A network that covers a large geographical area, such as one that connects offices across the country p. 1.16 Fig. 1-17 Next

44. Networks and the Internet What is the Internet?  A worldwide collection of networks that links together millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Click to view Web Link then click Internet p. 1.17 Next

45.  E-mail  Information  Shopping  Meeting people  Entertainment  E-mail  Information  Shopping  Meeting people  Entertainment Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? p. 1.17 Fig. 1-18 Next

46. Networks and the Internet How do users connect to the Internet? Online Service Provider (OSP) Provides access to the Internet, as well as a variety of other specialized content and services Internet Service Provider (ISP) Company that supplies connections to the Internet, usually for a monthly fee p. 1.18 Next

47. Networks and the Internet What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?  Billions of documents, called Web pages, that are linked together on computers throughout the world Web page Contains text, graphics, sound, or video and has connections to other Web pages Web site Collection of related Web pages Web browser Program used to access and view Web pages p. 1.18 Next

48. Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 How do you connect to the Internet and display a Web page? Networks and the Internet Step 4 : The Web browser locates the Web site for the entered address and displays a Web page on your screen Step 3 : Enter the address of the Web site you wish to visit Step 2 : A Web browser such as Internet Explorer displays a Web page on your screen Step 1 : Use your computer to make a local telephone call to an online service p. 1.18 Fig. 1-19 Next

49. Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? p. 1.19 Fig. 1-20 Next

50. Two major categories Desktop Notebook Microprocessor The single chip that performs all the processing functions on a personal computer Personal Computers What is a personal computer?  A computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself Contains at least One Input device One output device One storage device Memory A processor p. 1.19 Next

51. Personal Computers p. 1.19 Fig. 1-21 & 22 The PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system The Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) What are the two most popular series of personal computers? p. 1.19 Fig. 1-21 & 22 Next

52. Company on the Cutting Edge Gateway  One of the world’s leading technology manufacturers  Manufactures built-to-order PCs  Consumers from around the world order more than 11,000 custom systems daily Click to view Web Link then click Gateway p. 1.21 Next

53. Personal Computers What is a desktop computer?  Designed so the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table Click to view Web Link then click Personal Computers p. 1.20 Fig. 1-23 Next

54. Personal Computers What are some desktop computer variations?  Tower model Tall and narrow system unit that can sit on the floor vertically p. 1.20 Fig. 1-23 Next

55. Personal Computers What are some desktop computer variations?  All-in-one computer Less expensive desktop that combines the monitor and system unit into a single device p. 1.21 Fig. 1-24 Next

56. Personal Computers What are some desktop computer variations?  Workstation More expensive and powerful desktop designed for work that requires intense calculations and graphics capabilities  Stand-alone Can perform the information processing cycle operations without being connected to a network p. 1.21 Next

57. Personal Computers What are some desktop computer variations?  Server Powerful desktop that manages the resources on a network  Clients or workstations Other computers on network that access the contents of the storage area on the servers p. 1.22 Fig. 1-25 Next

58. Click to view video Personal Computers What is a notebook computer?  Also called a laptop  Portable, personal computer small enough to fit on your lap  Generally more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities p. 1.22 Fig. 1-26 Next

59. Handheld Computers What is a handheld computer?  Also called a palmtop computer  Small computer that fits in your hand Click to view Web Link then click Handheld Computers p. 1.23 Fig. 1-27 Next

60. Handheld Computers How do you input data with a handheld computer?  Others use a stylus A stylus looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure, instead of ink to write  Some have small keyboards  Some support voice input p. 1.23 Next

61. Handheld Computers What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?  One of the most popular handheld computers in use today  Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad p. 1.23 Fig. 1-28 Next

62. Handheld Computers What are Web-enabled handheld computers?  Allow you to access the Internet wirelessly Web-enabled two-way pager Web-enabled cellular telephone Web-enabled handheld computer p. 1.24 Fig. 1-29 Next

63. Internet Appliances What is an Internet appliance or information appliance?  Computer with limited functionality whose main purpose is to connect to the Internet from home p. 1.24 Fig. 1-30 Next

64. Internet Appliances What is WebTV?  An Internet appliance in the form of a set-top box  Sits on top of or next to a television set and allows you to access the Internet on the TV p. 1.25 Fig. 1-31 Next

65. Mid-Range Servers What is a mid-range server?  More powerful and larger than a workstation computer  Supports up to 4,000 users  Often connected via a personal computer or terminal known as a minicomputer  Once known as a minicomputer p. 1.25 Fig. 1-32 Next

66. Sometimes called dumb terminals No processing power Cannot stand alone Must be connected to a server to operate Mid-Range Servers What is a terminal? Device with a monitor and keyboard used to access a server p. 1.25 Next

67. Mainframes What is a mainframe?  Large, expensive, very powerful computer  Can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously  Stores tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information p. 1.26 Fig. 1-33 Next

68. Company on the Cutting Edge  International Business Machines (IBM)  Incorporated in 1911  The first family of computers with interchangeable software and peripherals  World’s largest information technology company Click to view Web Link then click IBM p. 1.26 Next

69. Supercomputers What is a supercomputer?  Fastest, most powerful computer  Able to process more than 12 trillion instructions per second p. 1.26 Fig. 1-34 Next

70. 1. Hardware 2. Software 1. Hardware 3. Data 1. Hardware 2. Software 4a. People (IT personnel) 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4b. People (users) 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4a. People (IT personnel) 5. Procedures 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4a. People (IT personnel)4b. People (users) Elements of an Information System What is an information system? Click to view Web Link then click Minorities in Technology Click to view Web Link then click Women in Technology  For an information system to provide accurate, timely, and useful information, each element must be present and all of the elements must work together p. 1.27 Fig. 1-35 Next

71. Large Business Examples of Computer Usage What are five categories of computer users? Home Mobile Small Office/Home Office Power p. 1.28 Fig. 1-36 Next

72. p. 1.29 Fig. 1-37 Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? researchfinance and business management Web access entertainment Next

73. Examples of Computer Usage How do computer companies accommodate children?  Many manufacturers design special hardware for children p. 1.30 Fig. 1-38 Next

74. Examples of Computer Usage What is the digital divide?  Idea that you can separate people of the world into two distinct groups Those who have access to technology with the ability to use it Those who do not have access to technology or are without the ability to use it Click to view video p. 1.30 Next

75. Technology Trailblazer Shawn Fanning  As a 19-year-old freshman computer science major, he developed the Napster software and company  Pioneering file- sharing concept has implications for all copyrighted digital information Click to view Web Link then click Shawn Fanning p. 1.30 Next

76. Web access spreadsheet What hardware and software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? Examples of Computer Usage  Desktop usage  Local Area Network (Lan)  Productivity software  Specialty software  Web usage p. 1.31 Fig. 1-39 Next

77. Examples of Computer Usage What new computer trends concern a small office/home office (SOHO) user?  E-mail Communicate with others  E-commerce Conduct financial business on the Web  Web cam Allows a SOHO user to show the world a live view of some aspect of their business p. 1.31 Next

78. Examples of Computer Usage What is a mobile user?  Travel to and from a main office to conduct business  Hardware Notebook computers Handheld computers Web-enabled cellular telephones  Software Productivity Presentation p. 1.32 Fig. 1-40 Next

79. Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? p. 1.33 Fig. 1-41 Next  Network Local area network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)  Large business Web site  Sales management  Accounting  Desktop publishing  Information systems department  Productivity software  Scheduling  Web access

80. Examples of Computer Usage What is a kiosk?  A freestanding computer  Usually has multimedia capability and a touch screen  Used by a large business to provide information to the public Click to view video p. 1.34 Fig. 1-43 Next

81. Examples of Computer Usage What is telecommuting?  A work arrangement in which employees work away from a company’s standard workplace  Often communicate with the office using some communications technology p. 1.34 Fig. 1-44 Next

82. Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user?  Requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer  Types of power users Engineers Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists  Typically work with multimedia Combines text, graphics, sound, video, and other media elements into one application p. 1.35 Fig. 1-45 Next

83. Provide family information Provide information about business Provide a resume online Provide online courses called distance- learning courses Computer User as a Web Publisher What is Web publishing?  Making a Web page available on the Internet  A few reasons to publish Web pages p. 1.36 Fig. 1-46 Next

84. Computer User as a Web Publisher What are other ways to use the Web?  Photo communities Allow you to create an online photo album  Electronic storefronts Allow a small business to advertise and take orders directly at a Web site  Communicate with others E-mail Chat rooms Instant messaging Click to view animation p. 1.37 Fig. 1-47 Next

85. Summary of Introduction to Computers  The digital revolution  What is a computer?  The components of a computer  Why is a computer so powerful?  Computer software  Networks and the Internet  Categories of computers  Personal computers Next

86. Summary of Introduction to Computers (cont.)  Handheld computers  Internet appliances  Mid-range servers  Mainframes  Supercomputers  Elements of an information system  Examples of computer usage  Computer user as a Web publisher Next

87. Chapter 1 Complete