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Arguments Analysis and Criticism Week 8
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Learning Objectives Benefits Of Arguments Analysis An Approach For Analysis Understanding Fallacies
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Introduction Role of the hearer as a critical & analytical recipient of arguments The goal is to develop tools for argument analysis & criticism that enable you to identify an argument’s parts & how they are related to each other, building off the models developed.
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1.Benefits Of Arguments Analysis Arguments enables:- -Identify arguers point of view -Supply assumptions & inferences -Evaluate adequacy of the argument Four componets 1.A claim 2.Evidence 3.Reasoning 4.Level of dispute
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2. An Approach For Analysis Structure of practical arguments Step 1- figure out what arguer means Step 2- number the statements in the argument Step 3 – identify arguer’s main claim Step 4 – diagram the argument Step 5 – criticize the argument
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Analysis of structural patterns Simple form- one premise, one claim Complex- more than one premise, one claim Chain- one(or more) premises, subsidiary or intermediate claim serves as premise or primary claim Compound – one or more premises, more than one claim
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3. Understanding Fallacies Audience based- ad hominem, ad populum, appeal to tradition, straw arguments Language use- equivocation, amphiboly, emotive language Grounding- begging the question, non sequitur Reasoning- false analogy, hasty generalisation, false cause, post hoc, single cause, slippery slope
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Conclusion Many theories have been identified but focus is to make you aware of how fallacies infiltrate arguments and deceive unsuspecting audience. Be sensitive to factors that make fallacies dangerous & enable you to identify & accurately criticize the fallacies you encounter. Word of caution, just because an argument is fallacious does not necessarily mean that the claim is incorrect. The claim may be reasonable & valid, but not for the reasons & evidence expressed in the argument.
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Activity Pg 260 -263
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