1. APPLIED REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO ANALYZE THE LAND COVER/LAND USE CHANGE AT TISZA LAKE By Yudhi Gunawan * and Tamás János ** * Department of Land Use and Region Development ** Department of Water and Environmental Management UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA STUDY AREA ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MATERIALS AND METHOD MATERIALS AND METHOD RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE to study the land cover change and fluctuation of the environmental conditions at the Tisza Lake and surrounding area using satellite imagery

4. STUDY AREA Tisza Lake is an artificial lake that was formed by the construction of the Water Power Station of Kisköre, located in the northern part of Hungary at 20º26’ to 20º52’ E and 47º43’ to 47º25’ N (UTM/WGS 84) Tisza Lake is an artificial lake that was formed by the construction of the Water Power Station of Kisköre, located in the northern part of Hungary at 20º26’ to 20º52’ E and 47º43’ to 47º25’ N (UTM/WGS 84) Figure 1. Tisza Lake as the study area

5. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES After the collapse of the command economy and industrial structures, because of the change of energy source to nuclear power, the rising need of natural protection and the increasing purposes of tourism, the objectives of this lake have grown and therefore there are urgent demands for appropriate strategies to avoid contradiction among purposes. After the collapse of the command economy and industrial structures, because of the change of energy source to nuclear power, the rising need of natural protection and the increasing purposes of tourism, the objectives of this lake have grown and therefore there are urgent demands for appropriate strategies to avoid contradiction among purposes.

6. MATERIALS AND METHOD MATERIALS Landsat TM5, 08-07-1987 Landsat TM5, 08-07-1987 Landsat ETM7, 20-08-2000 Landsat ETM7, 20-08-2000 Orthophoto Orthophoto Topography Map Topography Map CLC100 CLC100

7. METHODOLOGY Preprocessing Preprocessing - Image rectification and co-registration - Image rectification and co-registration ubset - Making subset Unsupervised Classification Unsupervised Classification - Using ISODATA method - Using ISODATA method Applied to 7 LC/LU classes based on CLC100 - Applied to 7 LC/LU classes based on CLC100 Classification Comparison Classification Comparison - Using accuracy assessment with > 250 points - Using accuracy assessment with > 250 points

8. METHODOLOGY Figure 2. Model maker to perform change detection Investigation of the Changes Change Detection - Multi-date composite - Multi-date composite image method image method - Image differencing - Image differencing technique for modeling technique for modeling

9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Image Rectification and Restoration Image Rectification and Restoration - Landsat TM, The RMSE is 13 m Figure 3 : Control point errors for Landsat TM co- registration - Landsat ETM, The RMSE14 m - Landsat ETM, The RMSE 14 m Figure 4 : Control point errors for Landsat ETM co-registration

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Classification Figure 5: Unsupervised classification of Landsat TM

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 6: Unsupervised classification of Landsat ETM

12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Classification Comparison Figure 7: Location of the 256 random sampling points shown in the Landsat ETM viewer (left) and CLC100 viewer (right)

13. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1. Error Matrix Resulting from Classifying Training Set Pixels at Landsat TM

14. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 2. Error Matrix Resulting from Classifying Training Set Pixels at Landsat ETM

15. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The overall accuracy of TM (26%) and ETM (38%) indicates a fairly low agreement with the reference CLC100 classification; The overall accuracy of TM (26%) and ETM (38%) indicates a fairly low agreement with the reference CLC100 classification; - Paper based interpretation was applied in CLC100, Hungary and then it was transformed to digital form by scanning (Maucha, 2004) - Assessing 2 levels of LC/LU categories CLC100 was not representative enough - The gap over 3 or 10 years

16. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 3. Kappa Index of Landsat ETM unsupervised classification

17. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 4. Kappa Index of Landsat TM unsupervised classification

18. It might be because of the big change in land management and land reform in agricultural area. (Márkus, et al (2003) reported that in the 1990s, parallel with the political changes, the transformation of Hungarian agriculture also began, the need of conservation area and the expansion of urbanization. It might be because of the big change in land management and land reform in agricultural area. (Márkus, et al (2003) reported that in the 1990s, parallel with the political changes, the transformation of Hungarian agriculture also began, the need of conservation area and the expansion of urbanization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

19. Change Detection Table 5. The summary matrix of the change detection between Landsat TM 1987 and Landsat ETM 2000

20. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Water-body (15%) - Forested Area (13%) Wetlands relatively big drought during the 1990’s and then when the normal precipitation returned, most of the wetlands were covered back by water due to the new environmental protection policy in Hungary

21. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Arable land Except Water body Forest (26%), Wetlands (14%) Since the Hungarian agricultural production exceeds the limits of the EU regulations, the less fertile soils are reannexed to natural conservation or the process of forestation has started Settlements;19% (Recreational Area, Closed Garden)

22. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Misinterpretation on Settlements The mixed pixels Environmental analysis Environmental analysis For the moment it could not be carried out due to time limitation, missing data or difficulties to obtain data of total suspended solids, heavy metals, sediment quality, etc related to land cover change.

23. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION The accuracy assessment was fairly low; The accuracy assessment was fairly low; - Other classification method should be applied for instance Supervised Classification Increase the natural protection area Increase the natural protection area (e.g wetlands, forest) The environmental analysis has not been carried out as planned but further research is still going on The CLC100 is not representative enough The CLC100 is not representative enough; - Therefore further study has to be done using CLC50 that has been updated to the geographic condition of Hungary The mixed pixels have to be overcome by applying Spectral Mixture Analysis and Fuzzy classification The mixed pixels have to be overcome by applying Spectral Mixture Analysis and Fuzzy classification

24. KÖSZÖNÖM A FIGYELMET !