1. CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOMS

2. 2 cell types Prokaryotic- no nucleus, few or no organelles, membranes –Small –Bacteria Eukaryotic- has organelles and membranes –Every living thing except bacteria

3. For years scientist recognized only two groups, prokaryotes and eukaryotes Ribosome analysis showed one group of prokaryotes are much more closely related to eukaryotes than the other group of prokaryotes is Thus three super kingdoms or DOMAINS were established: –Bacteria- prokaryotes, the oldest organisms. Contains only the kingdom Eubacteria –Archaea- prokaryotes. Contains only the kingdom Archaebacteria –Eukarya- eukaryotes. Most complex. Contains kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, &Animalia

4. The domains that living things are divided into Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

5. The kingdoms that living things are divided into Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

6. WAY THEY ORGANIZE THEIR CELLS (body types) Multicellular - many cells make up the living thing and the cells depend on each other for life processes Unicellular -one cell is the whole living thing Colonial -many cells live together and function like ONE living thing when actually they are capable of living as INDIVIDUAL living things

7. WAYS LIVING THINGS GET THEIR ENERGY (nutrition) Some are photosynthetic Make their own food by using the sun’s light Examples? Most are heterotrophs Must get their nutrition from something else because they can’t make it themselves Examples? A (very) few are chemotrophs They make their own food by using minerals like sulfur and magnesium (FROM ROCKS) They live in the abyss

8. REPRODUCTION Asexual No exchange of genetic material; offspring identical to parents Sexual exchange of genetic material from both parents

9. Advantages of Asexual reproduction don’t have challenges of finding another individual to share genes with Lots of offspring rather quickly

10. Disadvantages of asexual reproduction There’s no variation, therefore no opportunity for change (evolution) in a changed environment they all might die

11. Advantages of sexual reproduction There’s variation, therefore opportunity for change (evolution) Gives chance for survival in a changed environment

12. Disadvantages of sexual reproduction have challenges of finding another individual of your species to share genes with Few offspring

13. EUBACTERIA True bacteria –Some are photosynthetic –Most are heterotroph –A few are chemotrophic

14. ARCHAEBACTERIA Bacteria ( prokaryotic ) Cell walls are different than other prokaryotes b/c no peptidoglycan But have many similarities to eukaryotic in proteins, and genes

15. PROTISTA “Junk drawer” kingdom that doesn’t quite fit anywhere else They were ALMOST in the other kingdoms Often grouped according to what they ALMOST were Animal like protist- Plant like protist-Fungi like protist Why not bacteria like protist? Click The Protist

16. FUNGI MULTICELLULAR CHEMOTROPHIC HETEROTROPHS ALONG WITH BACTERIA THESE ARE THE GREATEST SAPROBES (DECOMPOSERS) ON THE PLANET Click Here

17. PLANTAE Multicellular Cell type? Phototrophic autotrophs Reproduction? Click Here for help

18. ANIMALIA Cellular arrangement? How do they get nourishment? Reproduction? Click Here for Help