1. Section 4 - Vocabulary Ephors – people responsible for the daily operations of government Helots- captured slaves that were forced to do work Military state- society organized for the purpose of waging war Barracks- military housing

2. Sparta Life was simple Most decisions were made for you Boys were taken at age 7 to train for the army Girls were trained to be home makers War and army training dominated daily life for men Other Greeks feared and admired Sparta Used iron rods as money

3. Government in Sparta Only about 9,000 citizens Mix of oligarchy, democracy and monarchy Ruled by two kings who were also the military leaders The kings also headed the governing body, the council of elders Consisted of 28 men over the age of 60 Members were elected for life Spartan assembly consisted of free adult males Had far less power than the Athenian assembly They could pass laws but the council had to approve them The assembly elected ephors – five people elected and responsible for the day-to-day operations of the government. They made sure the council acted within the limits of Spartan law and could remove a king who broke the law.

4. The Helots These people worked the fields and produced enough food to feed the Spartans This freed Spartan men’s time to use for training as soldiers Sparta became a military state to keep the Helots under them A military state is a society organized for the purpose of waging war. Helots were treated unfairly. The ephors waged war on them once a year and any helot that revolted could be murdered.

5. Education At a young age boys were taken from their families to train for the army They lived in barracks – military housing units They did not receive well-rounded educations, they spent most of their time exercising, hunting and training with weapons At 18 men began a two year program of military training to be part of the phalanx

6. Social Classes Warriors had to take a test to join the army. If they failed they could not be part of the army. Men who passed the test gained full citizenship rights. Including: Land ownership Chance to go into the council at age 60 Women Raised to be strong Participated in sports to stay fit so they could be healthy to have babies Had a lot of freedom and responsibilities because their husbands spent a good deal of their lives away at military camp They had greater independence than any other city state