1. Common Congenital Anomalies in Neonate and Children

2. Why do we practice pediatric surgery?
Is it a branch of general surgery?
Is it just the miniaturized surgery of adult?
“The whole of surgery applied to a special age group”.
Require special consideration
Physical.
Psychological.

3. Physical differences :
Cell division
Adult:-Repair and reproductive
Neonate :Allow for growth
Healing Power
Tremendous healing power
Surgery
After birth is in transitional state
Infection
Deffence : builds up slowly,little resistance,passive immunity.
Conditions necessitating surgery.
-congenital malformation

4. INGUINAL HERNIA Protrusion abdominal viscus The processus vaginalis
The inguinal canal
Contens:intestine,omentum,ovary
Causa: Failure obliteration of the pr.vag.

5. Clinical presentation:
Bulging in the groin
Extending into the scrotum
Comes and goes
Disappear by digital pressure

6. Types : a. Lateral inguinal hernia (indirect)
b. Medial inguinal hernia (direct)
Diff.Diagnosis:Hydrocele,Undescended testis,Abscess,enlarged lymp node.
Diagnosis: -Hystory
-Physic :reducible bulge in the groin.
-If incarcerated :irreducible bulge,severe pain,
symtoms of intestinal obstruction:vomiting,distension
and fixed mass in the groin.

7. GRADATION :
- Reducible
- Irreducible
- Incarcerated
- Strangulated

9. Therapy : Shuld be promply repaired.
Ligation of the sac at the internal ring.
Complications: wound infection,bleeding,and acute hydrocele.
Prognosis:The risk of recurrence 1 in 200.

10. II. HYDROCELE Definition :Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.
Fluid accumulation in the groin:Hydrocele of the cord.
Causa: Failure of obliteration of the processus vaginalis.

11. Clinical presentation: The sudden appearance of swelling, no pain.
Diagnosis:-Physycal examination
-Transillumination
Therapy: High ligation of the processus vaginalis if hydrocele have not disappeared by the age 2.

12. III.CYSTIC HYGROMA.
Is a form of lymphangioma consisting
multilocular cysts.
.isolated lesion
.associated with cavernous lymphangioma
.associated with hemangioma.
.asymtomatic mass,soft,mobile,cystic.

13. Complications: .Respiratory distress .Hemorrage .Infection
.Displacement of the tongue.

14. Diagnosis:
-Physical examination
-Chest X- ray
-USG and CT.
Therapy : - Excision.
Prognosis : Excellent.

15. Thank You