1. ASN 180 Transition to Professional Nursing Section II, Objectives 1, 2

2. Objectives Describe the purpose of research in the practice of professional nursing. Describe the purpose of research in the practice of professional nursing. Describe the steps in the research process. Describe the steps in the research process.

3. What is it? Discussion Discussion –What is research? –What is Nursing? –What is Nursing Research? Research

4. Historical development Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale 1923 first doctoral program 1923 first doctoral program 1929 first master’s program 1929 first master’s program Three studies credited with moving nursing education to the university setting Three studies credited with moving nursing education to the university setting –Nutting report, 1912 –Goldmark report, 1923 –Burgess report, 1926

5. Historical Research activities 40’s & 50’s = organization an delivery of nursing services 40’s & 50’s = organization an delivery of nursing services –1950 = ANA sponsored study on nursing functions and activities 50’s and 60’s = effective education preparation of nurses 50’s and 60’s = effective education preparation of nurses 60’s and 70’s = conceptual models, theories, clinical studies 60’s and 70’s = conceptual models, theories, clinical studies 80’s and 90’s = clinical nursing research 80’s and 90’s = clinical nursing research

6. The question How does Nursing Research contribute to the profession of Nursing? How does Nursing Research contribute to the profession of Nursing?

7. How Nursing historically acquire knowledge Traditions Traditions Authority Authority Borrowing Borrowing Trial and Error Trial and Error Personal Experience Personal Experience Role modeling and mentorship Role modeling and mentorship Intuition Intuition Reasoning Reasoning Research Research

8. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Hard science Hard science Test theory Test theory Concise & narrow Concise & narrow Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Reductionist design Reductionist design Controlled data collection using instruments Controlled data collection using instruments Analysis: numbers and statistics Analysis: numbers and statistics Objective, formal reporting Objective, formal reporting Soft science Soft science Create theory Create theory Complete and broad Complete and broad Inductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Holistic design Holistic design Communication and observation Communication and observation Analysis: words and individual interpretation Analysis: words and individual interpretation Subjective, expressive Subjective, expressive

9. Research Steps Formulate a research question or problem Formulate a research question or problem Defining the purpose of the study. Defining the purpose of the study. Reviewing relevant literature. Reviewing relevant literature. Developing a conceptual framework. Developing a conceptual framework. Developing research objectives, questions, and hypotheses. Developing research objectives, questions, and hypotheses. Defining research variables. Defining research variables.

10. Research Steps, cont. Selecting a research design. Selecting a research design. Defining the population, sample, and setting. Defining the population, sample, and setting. Conducting a pilot study. Conducting a pilot study. Collecting data. Collecting data. Analyzing data Analyzing data Communicating research findings, their implications and the limitations of the study. Communicating research findings, their implications and the limitations of the study.

11. Types of Research Design Historical Historical Exploratory Exploratory Evaluative Evaluative Descriptive Descriptive Experimental Experimental Quasi-experimental Quasi-experimental

12. Let’s do some research Identify some phenomenon that you would like to research. Identify some phenomenon that you would like to research. Use research steps to identify how you would conduct the research. Use research steps to identify how you would conduct the research.

13. Nursing Research Roles Nurse researcher Nurse researcher Consumer Consumer Member of research team Member of research team

14. Research Utilization Three levels Three levels –Instrumental –Conceptual –Symbolic Models Models –WICHE –CURN –Iowa, NCAST, Dracup-Breu, Stetler, Horne, OCRUN

15. Nursing Students Role Start reading research. Start reading research. –Read the Abstract –If it is, read the rest of the article critically Evaluate research design Evaluate research design Evaluate if sample size is sufficient and sufficiently randomized Evaluate if sample size is sufficient and sufficiently randomized Is it relevant for your practice Is it relevant for your practice Any article that states the research has proved anything is not valid.

16. Objectives Describe the purpose of research in the practice of professional nursing. Describe the purpose of research in the practice of professional nursing. Describe the steps in the research process. Describe the steps in the research process.