1. Causation versus Correlation
HEADLINES

2. Freakonomics
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3. For each of the "headlines“, determine whether the language is causal or non-causal. Remember that causal language should indicate one variable is affecting the other and indicate the direction of that causality, while non-causal, correlational language notes and describes a relationship, without suggesting that one variable affects the other.

4. Which one is more causal?
Violent lyrics prompt teens to commit crimes
Listening to violent lyrics associated with teen crime

5. Which one is more causal?
Memory retention enhanced by sleep
People who sleep more, remember more!

6. Which one is more causal?
Kids who take music lessons have bigger brains
Music lessons improve kids' brain development

7. Next are individual headlines for different studies
Next are individual headlines for different studies. Determine whether each is referring to a situation that implies causation or correlation.

8. Daytime TV tied to poorer mental scores in elderly
Correlation

9. Church attendance boosts immunity
Correlation

10. Eating breakfast increases the speed of your metabolism
Causation

11. Disciplinarian parents have obese kids
Disciplinarian parents have fat kids
Disciplinarian parents have obese kids
Correlation

12. Low self-esteem shrinks brain
Causation

13. Child anxiety linked to drug use
Correlation

14. Early language skills reduce preschool tantrums
Causation

15. Eating dark chocolate linked to weight loss
Correlation