1. The Late Cold War and the Fall of Communism HWH UNIT 12 CHAPTER 18.5

2. The End of Détente Soviets invade Afghanistan, 1979 Reagan (1980) and Thatcher (1981)

3. Solidarity in Poland, 1980 Lech Walesa

4. Gorbachev and Reagan Glasnost “ openness ” Freedom of dissent Perestroika Economic “ restructuring ” More free-market

5. Poland, 1988-89 Strikes in 1988 Elections in 1989 Lech Walesa, president 1990-1995

6. Hungary Breach of the Iron Curtain, 1989 Open borders Refugees from East Germany Janos Kadar removed from power (1956-1989) October, ’ 89: Hungarian Republic proclaimed Free elections

7. The Fall of the Berlin Wall Autumn, 1989 Refugees to Hungary Resignation of Honecker and free elections The Berlin Wall Falls, November 1989

8. German Reunification October 3, 1990 The Federal Republic of Germany

10. Czechoslovakia, 1989 Soviet renunciation of 1968 “ 68 upside down ” Vaclav Havel President Alexander Dubcek Prime Minister

11. Romania: Violent Revolution Nicolae Ceaucescu

12. The Collapse of the USSR The August Coup (1991) Boris Yeltsin Why did the USSR fail? Command economy Defense spending Internal division Reform-minded leader

13. After the USSR… The Commonwealth of Independent States (1991)

15. China’s Reaction: The Tiananmen Square Massacre, June 1989 Protesters peacefully demand reform Gorbachev’s visit Crackdown, June 1989 Thousands killed??? No political reform in China