1. Chpt 16: Explorers, Traders & Settlers Learning Objectives: Explain how Christopher Columbus came to the Americas Identify Spanish conquistadors & the lands they claimed Describe the relationship between Spanish settlers & Native Americans Explain how the slave trade developed Name European groups who settled the North American east coast Language Objectives: Practice new words & reading fluency by reading aloud Define vocabulary words

2. Christopher Columbus Columbus set sail to find a shorter route, by water, to Asia in 1042 Spanish Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand gave him money, ships for the voyage He reached the Bahamas & thought he had reached an island off coast of India He called the people there “Indians” He claimed the land for Spain, and named it San Salvador This area is now called the West Indies America is named after Amerigo Vespucci

3. Christopher Columbus

4. Portuguese Explorers Portuguese led many explorations to the Americas ▫1497: Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope& was the first to reach India by sea ▫1500: Pedro Cabral found Brazil & claimed it for Portugal ▫1519: Ferdinand Magellan led an expedition that made it all the way around the world.  He was killed in the Philippines, but one of his ships, “Victoria,” made it all the way by 1522  241 sailors started the journey, but only 18 survived  This voyage proved for sure that the earth is round

5. Francisco Pizarro attacked Incan Empire Magellan’s voyage around the world Pedro Cabral - Brazil

6. The Conquerors Europeans wanted the riches & resources in the new lands They didn’t think the natives who lived there were civilized, and therefore, weren’t entitled to the land Spanish explorers called conquistadors rode horses & used guns against the Native Americans to get their gold & riches Spaniards conquered all of Mexico, called it New Spain Used Indians as slaves, worked them very hard Thought the Indians were “savages” Indians died from diseases

8. The Slave Trade African were also treated like work animals by Europeans Spanish & Portuguese brought ships filled with Africans to the Americas Sold them as slaves England & France joined in also This is called the Slave Trade Sir John Hawkins, from England, started trade between the Americas & England with the Slave Trade

11. Pirates The French & English were late to exploring & often stole from the Spanish lands & ships They were called pirates by the Spanish Sir Francis Drake was a pirate feared by the Spanish, but greatly loved by the English.

12. Settlers By 1600, Spain had an empire in Mexico, Florida, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, South America Europeans landed on east coast of North America Found Native Americans, who lived very differently from Europeans In 1607, English colonists settled in Jamestown, which is Virginia The Pilgrims came on the Mayflower ship in 1620, landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts – seeking religious freedom

14. Settlers Puritans were another religious group from England, who settled on Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s The Dutch settled a village at the mouth of the Hudson River, in current day New York Many more settlers came from Europe seeking a better life and adventure Many became farmers, and in the south tobacco became a main crop that made a lot of money Slaves were needed to work the tobacco plantations 13 colonies were formed under England’s control Native Americans were pushed westward & lost land

17. Traders The French became trappers – hunting animals & selling their fur Usually along the Mississippi River, from Canada to southern US The English also held land in Canada that had been claimed by John Cabot in 1497 French founded Quebec By 1763, the English took all of Canada from the French during the French and Indian War

18. Trading Companies Trade between Europe & the Americas became such big business that trading companies were created Shareholders bought stock in the companies, & the money funded the trips across the ocean Shareholders split the profits from the trade trips In 1613, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the 1 st place built for buying & selling stock Netherlands, England & France were leaders in trade – loaned money & charged interest for trips London & Amsterdam became huge banking centers in the world

19. Trading Companies Trading companies bought insurance in case their ships & the goods were attacked or lost at sea Three most powerful trading companies ▫English East India Company ▫Dutch East India Company ▫French East India Company

20. The New Middle Class Success of trade create a “middle class” in Europe Merchants became very wealthy Started living like nobles Built big houses & country estates Many become interested only in money, clothes & living a life of luxury Some helped others ▫Hospitals, orphanages, schools