1. The Early Caliphate Caliph – “Successor” Abu Bakr (632-34) Umar (634-44) –635: Damascus –636: Battle of Yarmuk –638: Jerusalem & Antioch –639-46: Egypt Uthman (644-56) - assassinated

2. Islamic Expansion ca. 656

3. Civil War & Umayyads Ali (656-61) Shi’i & Sunni Mu‘awiya (661-80) Umayyad dynasty (661-750) Damascus 711: Conquest of Spain

4. Umayyad Caliphate, ca. 732

5. Expansion of Islam

6. Abbasids Baghdad Harun al-Rashid (786-809) Early 900s - decline

7. The Five Pillars of Islam 1.Shahādah 2.Salat (prayer) –5 times / day –mu’adhdhin (muezzin) –mosque—masjid; rak‘ah 3.Zakāt (alms) 4.Fasting in Ramadān

8. Five Pillars (cont.) 5. Hajj Lesser Hajj – Ka‘ba

9. Hajj (cont.) al-Safā & al-Marwā Hagar & Ishmael Plain of Arafāt

10. Hajj (cont.) Minā