1. Design and Implementation of Large Wood Structures at Twelvemile Creek Prince of Wales Island Tongass National Forest The Nature Conservancy TEAMS Enterprise Unit Prepared By: Sean Claffey November 2013

2. recap… Priority Watershed Habitat Surveys and Data collection Data guided our efforts to evaluate condition of watershed

3. Treatment Reach

4. Twelvemile vs. Unmanaged Reference Streams Data comparison defined our restoration objectives. Objectives Objectives based on reference unmanaged floodplain channels. Design Concepts Concepts based on the parameters provided by the Twelvemile references. For Example: Reference pools were formed by LWD creating a constriction at the pool head. Either spanning or on one or both sides of the channel. Pool head width (31’-38’) and bankfull width (70’-80’).

5. Using LWD structures to restore Hydrological Function. Used Data to define our objectives Objective Design Concept ( How can we use wood) A) Increase large wood & key wood Add wood. Use to meet other objectives B) Maintain or increase pool frequency Use wood to constrict pool head, stabilize outside bank of an accelerated meander, supplement existing pool forming woody debris. C) Decrease width/depth ratio Reduce rapid bank erosion by adding structure to unstable banks, Encourage or increase lateral/point bar development D) Improve pool quality Add complexity and cover to pools, Increase scour potential. E) Improve side water habitat connections and/or quality. Use wood to maintain or improve inflow, Use wood to backwater outflow. Energy!

6. Rapidly eroding bank Existing pool Design Concept Site Selection Shallow, clean pool Objective Flow Energy! Outside Meander Bend Low bar, wide cross section with uniform shallow depth Intense Focus of Energy dissipation caused by the wood. riffle

7. Site selection Site selection was determined by the channel. o Was not new channel construction or realignment o Multiple objectives could be met at each site and each structure has multiple objectives. o This was by design. Each LWD structure was strategically placed according to the existing scour and deposition features, intervals and cross sectional area. Didn’t force anything.

8. Diversity, mobile debris source Enhance scour Overall channel stability, riparian health Enhance depositional feature to constrict local channel widths Bank Stabilization, Habitat Sites Selected Design for Site Specific Objectives What type of structure will accomplish objective/s – Formidable Multi-Faceted (FMF) – Bar buddy – Spanning member – Floodplain – Single piece or small cluster Often a combination of the above. One structure may be in response to another. Design Concept Site Selection Site Design

9. ObjectiveDesign ConceptSite Design (Structure type) A) Increase large wood & key wood Add wood. Use to meet other objectives ALL B) Maintain or increase pool frequency Use wood to constrict pool head, stabilize outside bank of an accelerated meander, supplement existing pool forming woody debris. FMF, Bar buddy, Spanning C) Decrease width/depth ratio Reduce rapid bank erosion by adding structure to unstable banks, Encourage or increase lateral/point bar development FMF, Bar Buddy D) Improve pool quality Add complexity and cover to pools, Increase scour potential. Convenient by product of all structures. Spanning E) Improve side water habitat connections and/or quality. Use wood to maintain or improve inflow, Use wood to backwater outflow. Can be incorporated into all of the above. Site Selection

10. Site Design Permitting Contracting Implementation Title 16 404

11. Wood Collection About 85% of project used ~50 yr old young growth. Spread collection out in “gaps”. Rootwad harvest against existing roads.

12. Getting the wood to the creek... Flying Trees Helicopter decked trees on bars and adjacent floodplain in creek.

13. Equipment to the creek Six points of access. All off of old roads adjacent to creek. Some required a short trail from the road surface to the creek. From Phase 1 Equipment was power washed before entering the stream Vegetable based hydraulic fluid replaced petroleum products. Oil absorbent booms were deployed downstream of worksite in event of a spill. Work Completed at low flow Travel concentrated to riffles and bars Fish and game provided the timing window of July 5 th - August 5 th Duration in channel- For example Phase II - there were ~300 trees placed with two excavators in about a mile reach. Only 4 days in the channel.

14. ObjectiveDesign Concept A) Increase large wood & key wood Add wood. Use to meet other objectives B) Maintain or increase pool frequency Use wood to constrict pool head, stabilize outside bank of meander, supplement existing pool forming woody debris. C) Decrease width/depth ratio Reduce rapid bank erosion by adding structure to unstable banks, Encourage or increase lateral/point bar development D) Improve pool quality Add complexity and cover to pools, Increase scour potential. E) Improve side water habitat connections and/or quality. Use wood to maintain or improve inflow, Use wood to backwater outflow. Instream Placement HOW Example Site #XX Low bar. Wide uniform shallow cross section Poorly developed shallow pool Pool head 50+ feet Site Design (Structure type) ALL FMF, Bar buddy, Spanning FMF, Bar Buddy Convenient by product of all structures. Spanning Can be incorporated into all of the above. We are going to build FMF, Bar Buddy, and Spanning member. WITH

15. Placement FMF first Set the base Rootwad Spanning member Bar Buddy Formidable Multi- Faceted Structure Spanner Flow Before, June 1013 After, July 2013 Example Site #XX

16. Site #XX after its first good flow event… FMF Improved Scour Flow September 2013

17. Notes on implementation… Notice there was no cable or large rock used. Structures are meant to stay dynamic. They will shift and individual pieces may move between structures. Design also had to be dynamic Built to field conditions at each site 100% on-site supervision Great operators

18. Site Design Permitting Contracting Implementation Design Concept Site Selection Objectives (Parameters)(DATA) Monitor

19. Notes on implementation… Thank you to: Southeast Roadbuilders, S&S General Contractors, Columbia Helicopters & The Nature Conservancy Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund National Forest Foundation National Fish & Wildlife Foundation

20. END