1. Forest Structure and Biodiversity on a Cloud Forest Lee Margin: Falling Trees and Calling Birds R. O. Lawton, R. M. Welch, U. S. Nair, K. N. Rabenold & W. A. Haber

2. Northern Costa Rica

3. RAMS – simulated maximum wind speeds 20 m above the ground

4. Monteverde study watershed ~12 ha; 1510-1580m A mapped study watershed to examine: 1) terrain related physiognomic trends 2) patterns of local species distribution in natural terrain units 3) distribution of individuals within populations 4) demographic processes 1 ha grid; 5 m contours

5. What are the causes and correlates of the striking canopy heterogeneity?

6. Trees fall down – a lot. But the risk of treefall and gap formation is not uniform.

7. Summary of Logistic Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Treefall Gap Formation Model χ 2 = 8.29 df =2 p=.007 Risk Factor Likelihood ratio 95% CIZPr(>|z|) Intercept0.02540.0206- 0.0312-17.71<.0001 VEGHT (m)0.96310.9461- 0.9804-2.110.03 Upwind gap area (m 2 ) of past 5 years 1.00291.0015- 1.00432.070.03

8. Streamlines of canopy disturbance in a Costa Rican cloud forest Vectors show direction of gap propagation based on monitoring program

9. Transformation of IKONOS image – accentuates light/dark contrast, which is here largely due to shadowing of upper canopy topography. But note the wormy blobs trending ENE - WSW Remote sensing of local forest dynamics? The same study watershed, again.

10. Apparently extinct

11. Quetzales, Pharomachros moccino Still with us – so far.

12. Quetzal populaton distributiion – Current and Future

13. Gasner et al. 2010. Biol. Cons. 143: 1250 Constriction of the Quetzal breeding range on the upper Pacific slope near Monteverde under 3 o C warming scenario. Dashed line at 1200 m is current lower boundary of the breeding range. Hashed area above 1700 m the predicted future range.

14. All this made possible by a host of characters: NSF, NASA, Wolf Guindon, Eladio Cruz, & the staff of the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Drs. J. Putz, J. Daniels, R. Welch, U. Nair, R. Pielke, D. Ray, J. Calvo, A. Pounds, W. Haber, K. Rabenold, M. F. Lawton, and students – G. Cauthen, K. Wasmund, T. Earnhardt, T. Field, A. Petroff, P. Petroff, M. Lawton, M. Patrick, N. Lawton, S. Asefi, A. Regmi & V. S. Manoharan