1. The Middle Kingdom Unit Three Lesson Three

2. The Middle Kingdom 1. What are the causes and effects of the fall of the Old Kingdom? Causes: ▪ Maintaining and building pyramids cost too much ▪ Pharaohs could not collect enough tax to keep up with expenses ▪ Nobles wanted to take power from the pharaohs Effect: ▪ Nobles battled each other for power ▪ No central ruler ▪ Chaos erupted ▪ Trade and farming declined ▪ People faced economic hardships and famine

3. Middle Kingdom/ Drive for More Land 2. List facts about the changes and achievements of the Middle Kingdom. ▪ Began when new dynasty of pharaohs gained power ▪ Moved capital to Thebes ▪ People enjoyed stability, prosperity, and other achievements ▪ Pharaohs had much less power ▪ Took control of more land ▪ Built canal between Nile and Red Sea ▪ Captured Nubia ▪ Added more waterways and dams ▪ Increased amount of land being farmed Vocabulary: Tribute Forced payment

4. Middle Kingdom/ Drive for More Land 3. Explain how burial practices of the pharaoh changed during the Middle Kingdom. ▪ The pharaoh was no longer buried in a pyramid, but instead tombs were cut into the cliffs along the Nile.

5. Hyksos 4. What events led to the end of the Middle Kingdom. a) Pharaohs could not hold the kingdom together b) Nobles wanted to take power away from the pharaohs again c) Hyksos attacked and conquered Egypt and took power

6. Hyksos 5. How were the Hyksos able to defeat the Egyptians? a) Egypt was weak from internal fighting (nobles vs. pharaohs) b) They had chariots, iron and bronze weapons that were better than the Egyptian weapons (made of copper and stone)

7. Hyksos 6. What event led to the defeat of the Hyksos a) People were tired of paying taxes b) So people fought back c) Ahmose, an Egyptian Prince, led the uprising and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt

8. Hyksos 7. Who became the new king of Egypt? ▪ Ahmose