3. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

5. The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

6. Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

7. The Election of 1824: A “Corrupt Bargain”?

8. The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”? Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote Andrew Jackson 43%99 J.Q. Adams31%84 William Crawford 13%41 Henry Clay13%37

9. Like Father Like Son The Demise of John Quincy Adams “Corrupt Bargain” plagues presidency Only 31% of popular support Nationalist system is blocked by Jackson supporters in Congress Lacked charisma Unpopular support for Indian rights Signed “Tariff of Abominations” in 1828

10. 1828 Election Results

12. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

13. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

14. Why Increased Democratization?  White male suffrage increased  Party nominating committees.  Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.  Rise of Third Parties.  Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)  Two-party system returned in the 1832:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828) What were the clear limitations to the expanded equality?

15. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

16. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

17. “ The Reign of King Mob seems triumphant. ” -John Marshall

18. The New “ Jackson Coalition ” 1. The Planter Elite in the South 2. People on the Frontier 3. State Politicians – spoils system 4. Immigrants in the cities.

19. Andrew Jackson as President

20. The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ” Van Buren replaces Calhoun as successor. MVB only member of Both Cabinet and “Kitchen Cabinet”

21. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] Begins over land sales then shifts to States’s Rights and Nullification

22. 18301830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

23. 1832 Nullification Crisis  1828 --> “Tariff of Abominations”  1832 --> new tariff  South Carolina’s reaction?  Jackson’s response?  Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?  Result? Why significant?

24. Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

25. An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ?

26. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

27. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3 state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3 supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3 felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3 didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3 suspicious of expansion & speculation.

28. The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed!  1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States.  “pet banks” - Roger Taney  1836  the charter expired.  The Bank is Dead!

29. The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

30. 1832 Election Results Main Issue?

31. Chief Justice Roger Taney John Marshall dies in 1835 after 32 years as Chief Justice Jackson chooses friend Roger Taney Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) general happiness over rights of contract and property

32. The Specie Circular (1836)  “wildcat banks.”  buy future federal land only with gold or silver.  Jackson’s goal?

33. Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

35. Indian Removal  1830  Indian Removal Act  Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”  Worcester v. GA (1832)  Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!  Indian Intercourse Act (1834)

36. Indian Removal

37. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

38. Jackson ’ s Professed “ Love ” for Native Americans

39. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

40. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

41. Aroostook “War,” 1839  Only war ever declared by a state. New Brunswick vs. Maine.  Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in Aroostook by Maine officials.  Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”  General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and border commission resolved the issue.  Only war ever declared by a state. New Brunswick vs. Maine.  Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in Aroostook by Maine officials.  Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”  General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and border commission resolved the issue.

42. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842