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STAR 1GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 2001 data: better statistics for anti- 3 He 2007 data: discovery of anti-hypertriton 2010 data: discovery of anti- 

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Presentation on theme: "STAR 1GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 2001 data: better statistics for anti- 3 He 2007 data: discovery of anti-hypertriton 2010 data: discovery of anti- "— Presentation transcript:

1 STAR 1GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 2001 data: better statistics for anti- 3 He 2007 data: discovery of anti-hypertriton 2010 data: discovery of anti-  “Illustrations should be selected more for their aesthetic appeal than for their scientific content” – guidance from editors Proposed cover art for print version of Nature (Synergy with centennial of use of  + gold to discover the nucleus)

2 STAR 2 The Dirac equation (1928) predicted the existence of antimatter. It was confirmed 4 years later by Anderson’s discovery of the positron. GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 Many antiparticles and several antinuclei followed since (more on this later). Big Bang initially produced matter & antimatter in equal abundance – so does any primordial antimatter still persist in isolated regions of the cosmos?

3 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 3 Hadronization & freeze-out RHIC generates hot and dense matter, where matter & antimatter decouple quickly: Ideal factory for antinuclei Also ideal factory for hypernuclei

4 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 4 14 anti- 3 He based on 0.6M central AuAu at 130 GeV PRL 87, 262301 (2001)

5 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 5 MRPC ToF Barrel + VPD BBC PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC Barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 FGT COMPLETE Ongoing MTD R&D HFT TPC FHC HLT pp2pp’ triggercomputing FTPC Full  in azimuth at ~ 2 units in midrapidity 2010 run provides ~ a billion events with greatly enhanced PID

6 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 6 1953: first hypernucleus seen in emulsion exposed to cosmic rays on a balloon M. Danysz & J. Pniewski, Phil. Mag. 44, 348 (1953) M. Danysz & J. Pniewski, Phil. Mag. 44, 348 (1953) Lightest hypernucleus is bound state of proton, neutron, and  hyperon: the hypertriton Binding energy & lifetime of hypernuclei provides info on hyperon-nucleon (YN) interaction. Has astrophysical importance.

7 STAR PANDA at FAIR 2012~ Anti-proton beam Double  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy MAMI C 2007~ Electro-production Single  -hypernuclei  -wavefunction JLab 2000~ Electro-production Single  -hypernuclei  -wavefunction FINUDA at DA  NE e + e - collider Stopped-K - reaction Single  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy (2012~) J-PARC 2009~ Intense K - beam Single and double  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy for single  HypHI at GSI/FAIR Heavy ion beams Single  -hypernuclei at extreme isospins Magnetic moments SPHERE at JINR Heavy ion beams Single  -hypernuclei Basic map from Take Saito, HYP06 7 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27

8 STAR PANDA at FAIR 2012~ Anti-proton beam Double  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy MAMI C 2007~ Electro-production Single  -hypernuclei  -wavefunction JLab 2000~ Electro-production Single  -hypernuclei  -wavefunction FINUDA at DA  NE e + e - collider Stopped-K - reaction Single  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy (2012~) J-PARC 2009~ Intense K - beam Single and double  -hypernuclei  -ray spectroscopy for single  HypHI at GSI/FAIR Heavy ion beams Single  -hypernuclei at extreme isospins Magnetic moments SPHERE at JINR Heavy ion beams Single  -hypernuclei BNL Heavy ion beams Anti-hypernuclei Single  -hypernuclei Double  -hypernuclei Basic map from Take Saito, HYP06 8 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27

9 STAR 9 Anti-hypertriton: anti-proton, anti-neutron & anti-  – the first antinucleus with strangeness, and the heaviest antinucleus so far. After searching >100 million AuAu collisions, found 70 anti- hypertritons. Published in Science in March 2010; much favorable PR for STAR & RHIC. News stories in Nature, Scientific American, National Geographic, many news outlets worldwide. GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 STAR Collaboration, Science 328, 58 (2010)

10 STAR 70 ±17 157±30 Hypertriton signal is 5.2  while anti-hypertriton signal is 4.1  GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 10 STAR Collaboration, Science 328, 58 (2010) 2168 3 He counts

11 STAR Combined hypertritons & antihypertritons: Sample of 225 ± 35: >6  significance GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 11

12 STAR ps We measure   = 267 ± 5 ps PDG value   = 263 ± 2 ps STAR Collaboration, Science 328, 58 (2010) 12 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 2010 data ( ~ 10 times statistics) coming

13 STAR 13 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 Better Y-N interaction constraints should help distinguish among models

14 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 14 Protons (Z) Neutrons (N) Antinuclei extend chart to negative Z & negative N Hypernuclei add 3 rd axis for strangeness S Antihypernuclei S axis also flips sign

15 STAR 15 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27

16 STAR 16 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27

17 STAR 17 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 Broader issues addressed by these studies: What type of matter is in interior of collapsed stars? What happened to antimatter created in the Big Bang? Implications for cosmic ray searches for new physics.

18 STAR 18 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 More details on Saturday in talk by Zhangbu Xu ( B4.00002)

19 STAR RHIC AGS 19 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 So far, production rates for (anti)nuclei of mass # A are consistent with [(anti)nucleon density] A i.e., consistent with statistical coalescence A At AGS (and in cosmic rays): 2 X 10 -4 etc. At max RHIC energy, already close to high energy limit: : SPS : RHIC 100M events (up to 2007) yielded 2.2K anti- 3 He. 2010 run contains ~ a billion AuAu events & upgraded PID. Thus we expect >10 . Biggest challenge: reconstruction of > 0.5 trillion tracks.

20 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 20 HLT has processing power to do rudimentary event reconstruction in real time, allowing events with a |Z| = 2 track to be tagged and fast- tracked via the normal offline calibration & reconstruction chain. Many anti-  s lie where band merges with anti- 3 He, so TOF is needed More details on Sunday in talk by Hao Qiu (H7.00007) Remaining antinuclear physics from 2010 run must await regular production; Completed April 2011 H. Agakishiev et al. (STAR collaboration) Nature doi: 10.1038/ nature10079 [pub. online Apr 24, 2011; print version ref. to follow] arXiv:1103.3312

21 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 21 Combining measured magnetic rigidity & time-of-flight, we can determine mass/Z ~ 1.4 background counts within anti-  signal cuts; misident. prob. ~ 10 -11

22 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 22 Very clean identification after search of > half-trillion tracks from about one billion gold-gold collisions Projecting to mass axis, we find 16+2 anti-  s: H. Agakishiev et al. (STAR collaboration) Nature doi: 10.1038/ nature10079 [pub. online Apr 24, 2011; print version ref. to follow] arXiv:1103.3312

23 STAR 23 GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 If we add one extra antinucleon, production rate drops ~ 1/1600 (called the “penalty factor”) Prospects beyond A = 4? Next stable antinucleus has A = 6; (penalty factor) 2 ~ (1600) 2 – out of reach for foreseeable future, unless….. Anti-  yields continue to follow, within errors, exponential predicted by both thermal model and statistical coalescence. More details on Saturday in talk by Zhangbu Xu ( B4.00002) STAR collaboration Nature [pub online Apr 24] arXiv:1103.3312

24 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 24 Idea from Walter Greiner*: correlations are present in vacuum, allowing antinucleus like anti-  to be directly excited from the vacuum. Rate for such antinuclei could be much larger than low value predicted by statistical coalescence. No evidence so far. * Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 5, 1–90 (1996).

25 STAR GHP 2011, Anaheim, April 27 25 If there is bulk antimatter in the cosmos, AMS could detect anti-  ; rate from matter-matter collisions in space is too low

26 STAR The measured lifetime is ps, shorter than the free  lifetime (263 ps) but consistent with it. Consistency check has been done on analysis; 157 candidates, with significance better than 5  has been published in 2010; 70 candidates based on data up to 2007, with significance ~4 . analysis under way with 10 X statistics & better PID. 26 Declan Keane, Kent State U, Anaheim, April 27 High Level Trigger has allowed fast-track search for anti-  among >0.5 trillion tracks of 2010 data; 18 anti-  s found, with mis-ID probability ~ 10 -11. Published online Apr 24, 2011 in Nature.

27 STAR 27 Declan Keane, Kent State U, Anaheim, April 27 Antinucleus yields up to A = 4 remain consistent within errors with thermal & statistical coalescence models. This has important implications for the AMS experiment & for other searches for new phenomena in the cosmos. The next stable antinucleus after anti-  has A = 6. Penalty factor > 2 million means new record for heaviest stable antinucleus is likely to stand for a very long time. Many more details in two talks this coming weekend: Zhangbu Xu, Sat 11:20 am, session B4 Hao Qiu, Sun 11:57 am, session H7

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