1. The urinary system

2. The urinary system Kidneys -----nephr/o,ren/o Renal pelvis-----pyel/o
Urine uria,urin/o
Ureters ureter/o
Urinary bladder cyst/o,vesic/o
Urethra urethr/o

3. The Functions of the Urinary System
Filter the blood to remove waste products product from the body (mainly urea and uric acid).
Regulation of acid-base homeostasis
Controlling blood volume and maintaining blood pressure
Regulation of electrolyte balance (e.g. sodium, potassium and calcium)

4. The structures of the urinary system
The urinary system is consists of four main parts:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

5. The structures of the Kidneys:
Each kidney consists of two layers that surround the renal pelvis.
1.The cortex: is the outer layer of the kidney. It contains over one million microscopic unit called nephron.
2. The medulla :is the inner one, it contains most of the urine collecting tubules.
Nephrones: are the functional units of kidneys. They form urine by the process of filtrations re- absorption and secretion.

6. The structures of the urinary system
The ureters: they are narrow tubes, each about Cm long. Each ureter carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.
The Bladder : It is a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine.
The urethra : it is the tube extending from the bladder to the out side of the body.
The urethral meatus : it is the external opening of the urethra.

8. Medical specialties related to urinary system
Urologist :
Specializes in diagnosis and treating diseases and disorders of the kidney.

9. The terms related to urinary system
meaning
term
Complete stopping of the urine formation by the kidney
Anuria
Toxic condition caused by increase amount of urea and waste products in blood stream
Uremia
Is a disease when kidney function is insufficient
Chronic renal failure

10. The terms related to urinary system
Enlargement of the renal pelvis of on or both kidney
Hydronephrosis
Inflammation of kidney
Nephritis
Distention of the ureter with urine
Hydriureter
Abnormal narrowing of the ureter
Urterostenosis
Pain in the urinary bladder
Cystagia
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystisis

11. The terms related to urinary system
Bleeding from the bladder
cystorrhagia
Pain in the urethra
Urethralgia
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
Pain from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
Abnormal discharge from the urethra
Urethrorrhea
Painful urination
Dysuria
Excessive urination
Polyuria

12. LABORATORY TESTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Visual examination of the urinary bladder
Cystoscopy
Is a drugs to increase urine secretion
Diuretics
Procedure to remove waste products from the blood of PT whose kidney no longer function
Dialysis
Lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
Peritoneal dialysis