2. Internal Combustion Engines : Introduction P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department In the 21st century, innovations in sustainable transportation will gain importance… A new type of mobility must take over the leading role in road transportation this century.

3. Immediate Needs

4. Future transportation systems The price of petroleum products  Time. The number of passenger cars  Time. The trends indicate the largest growth rate to be in freight transportation in all industrial sectors. The number of commercial vehicles is expected to increase by about 55 % in the next 20 years. A new type of mobility must take over the leading role in road transportation this century. The time interval of transformation is still unclear and depends on a lot of economically and ecologically influenced factors.

5. The Concept of Mobile Power Plant Fuel (Resource) Land, Water & Air (Sinks) Power Plant --Cycle -- Basic Hardware -= Auxiliaries & Contorls The Great Need : Mechanical Power

6. The Family of Steam Engines A Direct Hardware Creations to the Essential Need …..

7. Boiler Condenser LTR Turbine HTR Compressor 4 1 2 3 Carnot’s Hardware Modeled Hardware for Engine

8. Carnot’s Theoretical Model for Steam Engine

9. Higher the temperature of heat addition, higher will be the efficiency. Lower the temperature of heat rejection, higher will be the efficiency. Efficiency of a Reversible Engine is independent of work fluid !!!! Carnot’s Quick Conclusion to Mundane Problem