1. Creativity
Methods

2. A Technique for Producing Ideas – by James Web Young (1940)
Gathering raw materials - the specific and the general
Working over the materials in the mind
The incubation stage, latency time - subconsciousness is synthesizing the information
The birth of the idea
The final shaping and development of the idea

3. Composition Theory by Arthur Koestler
also called The Act of Creation (of new ideas)
based on bisociation as an opposite or contrast to (word) association

4. Lateral Thinking by Edward de Bono
based on horizontal thinking
horizontal thinking should break the firm construction of vertical thinking

5. Lateral Thinking Vertical thinking classical selective
steps continue one after another
analytical
sequential
may use negation
logical
uses categories and classifications
follows the most likely paths, the most probable direction
finite process with conclusion
Horizontal thinking
unconventional
creative, generative
seeks new ways
provocative
can make jumps
breaks all bans
illogical
disturbing elements are welcome
explores the least likely
prefers the most improbable way
original ideas
never ending process,
probabilistic

6. Synectics - William J. Gordon
Program to train creative thinking
Takes the idea from one context and place it into another
Uses metaphors and analogy
Associative
Based on metaphor
Direct analogy
Personal analogy - personified analogy
Compressed conflict - collision of contradictions