1. Chapter 3: Macromolecules

2. Got Lactose?

3. – Many people in the world suffer from lactose intolerance Lacking an enzyme that digests lactose, a sugar found in milk

4. Lactase is secreted in small intestinal track Lactose intolerance is mostly affected by age and heritage. Most babies are able to digest lactose. This ability declines after 2yrs 75% of African Americans and Native Americans and 90% of Asian Americans are lactase deficient

5. What’s the norm..? The ability to break down lactase as you get older is actually the mutation. 9000yrs ago consumption of milk products increased This large difference in population has become a problem in food industry

6. Until…..

7. What level of study? Molecular Level

8. Review: Hydrocarbons Organic- made of a carboskeleton Contain only Hydrogen and Carbon Can have single or double bonds

9. Isomers Same formula, different structure This changes the chemical properties!

10. 4 Types of Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

11. 3.3 Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a small set of small molecules The four classes of biological molecules contain very large molecules –They are often called macromolecules because of their large size –They are also called polymers because they are made from identical building blocks strung together –The building blocks are called monomers

12. Monomers and Polymers Monomers: the smaller subunits that serve as the building blocks of a polymer Polymers: the long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks

13. Dehydration and Hydrolysis Dehydration synthesis – removal of water to form polymers Hydrolysis – addition of water to break up a polymer

14. Unlinked monomer Short polymer

15. Unlinked monomer Short polymer Longer polymer Dehydration reaction

17. Hydrolysis