1. Macromolecules
Review

2. Carbohydrates

3. Carbohydrates Monomers: Simple sugars or monosaccharides
Polymer: Polysaccharides
Elements: (1:2:1 ratio C1H2O1)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

4. Structure Function Quick Energy Strong Covalent Bonds Ring Shaped
Made through condensation reaction.
Broken down through hydrolysis reaction.
Function
Quick Energy

5. Types of Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides (1 sugar):
Glucose
Disaccharides (2 sugars):
Sucrose
Polysaccharides (3 or more simple sugars):
Glycogen:
Stores energy in animals.
Cellulose:
Structural support in plants.
Humans cannot digest it.
Starch:
Stores energy in plants.

7. Protein

8. Proteins Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Protein Elements:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Formed by condensation reactions
Broken down by hydrolysis reactions

9. Structure: Functions:
Held together by strong covalent bonds, called peptide bonds.
Building blocks of life.
Must bend and fold before it can function
Functions:
Structural parts of cell and body tissue.
Aid in Transport
Hormones
Enzymes

10. Types of Proteins: Enzymes Hormones Hemoglobin (in red blood cells)
ends in -ase
example: lactase (breaks down lactose)
Hormones
Hemoglobin (in red blood cells)
Carries oxygen

11. Lipids

12. Lipids: Monomer: Fatty Acids Polymer: Lipids Elements:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Made by condensation reactions
Broken down by hydrolysis

13. Structure: Long chains of carbon and hydrogen.
Held together by covalent bonds
Hydrophobic (water hating).
Looks like a letter “E”
1 Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids

14. Fatty Acids Saturated: Single Bonds Straight chain Unsaturated:
Some Double bonds
Bent chain

15. Functions: Long term energy storage
Types of Lipids:
Waxes
Steroids
Fats
Saturated
Unsaturated
Phospholipids (found in cell membranes)

16. Nucleic Acids

17. Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides Polymer: Nucleic Acid Elements:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phorphorous

18. Nucleotides
Parts of a nucleotide

19. Structure: Functions: Put together by condensation reactions.
Broken down by hydrolysis reaction.
Held together by strong covalent bonds
Double or single stranded
Functions:
Stores genetic information
Aids in protein synthesis (Protein building)

20. Types of Nucleic Acids:
DNA
RNA

21. Condensation Reaction
Also known as dehydration synthesis

22. Hydrolysis Reaction