1. Contribution: Timing then Mario Luigi Biochemical rules are inherently parallel. Sequentialize? Step 1: Step 2:

2. Composition Rate separation increases with composition/modularity....... Module 2... Module 1 slow 1 fast 1 slow 2 fast 2 fast 1 slow 2 < ?

3. Module Locking slow + + + Sequentialize computation with only two rates: “ fast ” and “ slow ”. + fast

4. Biochemical Reactions X Y Z Example: Multiplication

5. Key Generation Two-phase protocol to ensure only one type of key is present.

6. Lock phases or modules with keys. Keys are generated by keysmiths; but indicators consume keysmiths. Example: Multiplication

7. A Comparison of the Accuracy of the Locked and Unlocked Versions of Three Modules: Multiplication, Exponentiation, and Logarithm. Unlocked Locked “Accuracy”:

8. Locking the log 2 (A) Module

9. Module Locking