1. Presented by: Shehneela Baseer 117113 Zainab Sajjad 117114

2.  Introduction to Bioreactors  Types of Bioreactor designs  Conclusion

3.  Any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment

4.  Stirred tank reactors  Bubble-column reactors  Air lift reactors  Drum rotating reactors  Immobilized plane cell reactors  Membrane reactors

5.  Air is dispersed by mechanical agitation.

6.  Better control over the environment of the culture.

7.  Can cause damage to the cells  High energy demand  Complexity in construction  Difficult to scale up.

8.  One of the simplest type of gas – liquid bioreactors.

9.  Facilitates sterile operation  Less damaging to shear-sensitive cells  Scale up is relatively easy.

10.  Undefined fluid flow pattern inside the reactor.  Non-uniform mixing.

12.  Works on draught tube principle.

14.  Reasonable mixing with low shear  Operating cost is low.  Less contamination

15.  Insufficient mixing at high cell densities.

16.  Consists of horizontally rotating-drum on rollers connected to a motor.

17.  High oxygen transfer.  Good mixing  Facilitated better growth and impart less hydrodynamic stress.

18.  Difficult to scale up.

20.  Immobilization of plant cell into a suitable carriers.  Either in natural (alginate, agar) or synthetic (polyacrylamide)

22.  Cells are separated from growth medium by membrane

23.  Environment is more easily controlled  Better control over cell density.

25. Reactor type Oxygen transfer Hydrodynami c stress MixingScale uplimitations Stirred-tankHighHighly destructive Completel y uniform DifficultCell death; contamination due to moving parts ST-low agitation and modified impeller MediumLowReasonabl y uniform DifficultInsufficient mixing at very high cell densities Bubble- column MediumLowNon- uniform EasyDead zones; settling of cells due to poor mixing Air-liftHighLowUniformEasyDead zones at high cell densities Rotating- drum HighLowUniformDifficultNon-uniform mixing at very large scale.

26.  Insulin Bioreactor Design

27.  Production of insulin precursor  5000 kg insulin per year  Assumes 20 % loss due to purification  k L a within 10% of 2088 hr -1  Prevents oxygen limited reaction  Prevents anaerobic metabolism  Glucose concentration < 0.5 g/L  Prevents formation of ethanol  CSTR configuration  Jacket heat exchanger  Price

28.  Substrate feed  Glucose, ammonia, mineral salts  Cellular metabolism of substrate  Extracellular production of insulin  Air sparging for oxygen delivery  Impellers for mixing of nutrients and oxygen

30.  Hence, with the help of different types of bioreactors, commercial production of secondary metabolites is not only possible but also profitable.