1. The French & Indian War (1753-1763) EQ: How did England & France’s European conflict affect the colonies?

2. How did this affect the colonists? For the first year, the colonists fought alone against the French and their “alliances” with Native Americans. For the first year, the colonists fought alone against the French and their “alliances” with Native Americans. The colonists were losing the war until 1754 when London decided to enter the conflict. The colonists were losing the war until 1754 when London decided to enter the conflict.

3. Who was General Edward Braddock? Braddock was hand-picked by the British to drive the French out of the colonies and the Ohio River Valley. Braddock was hand-picked by the British to drive the French out of the colonies and the Ohio River Valley. He set out with 1,400 redcoats and a few hundred blue-coated colonists. He set out with 1,400 redcoats and a few hundred blue-coated colonists. Among them was a young George Washington. Among them was a young George Washington.

4. What was George Washington’s influence in the war? Washington warned Braddock that his marching and fighting style were lot well-suited for colonial territory. Washington warned Braddock that his marching and fighting style were lot well-suited for colonial territory. He was right for Indians ambushed the lined redcoats, killing over 1,000 men. He was right for Indians ambushed the lined redcoats, killing over 1,000 men. Braddock was killed and Washington led the survivors back to Virginia. Braddock was killed and Washington led the survivors back to Virginia.

5. What was Britain’s response? Britain formerly declared war on France after France made an alliance with Prussia against Britain in Europe. Britain formerly declared war on France after France made an alliance with Prussia against Britain in Europe. Britain was now fighting the French and their allies on several fronts in the colonies, Europe, the Caribbean, and India. Britain was now fighting the French and their allies on several fronts in the colonies, Europe, the Caribbean, and India. The financial cost was staggering and France was winning in the colonies. The financial cost was staggering and France was winning in the colonies.

6. How did William Pitt change the colonies’ fortunes? William Pitt began to oversee the British efforts in the colonies from London. William Pitt began to oversee the British efforts in the colonies from London. He was a master strategist and knew how to get the colonists’ support. He was a master strategist and knew how to get the colonists’ support. Pitt promised Britain would pay for all costs and supplies related to the war. Pitt promised Britain would pay for all costs and supplies related to the war.

7. What was Pitt’s ulterior goals? As England’s Prime Minister, Pitt wanted not just to drive the French out of the colonies, he wanted to take over New France. As England’s Prime Minister, Pitt wanted not just to drive the French out of the colonies, he wanted to take over New France. He sends energetic Jeffrey Amherst & James Wolfe to retake conquered forts and in 1758, British and Colonial forces removed the French from the colonies. He sends energetic Jeffrey Amherst & James Wolfe to retake conquered forts and in 1758, British and Colonial forces removed the French from the colonies. By 1759, British forces eyed the heart of New France, Quebec. By 1759, British forces eyed the heart of New France, Quebec.

8. What happened in the “Fall of the Quebec?” In September of 1759, James Wolfe found a way to take the fort at Quebec by marching up a narrow pathway on the side of the cliff behind the fort. In September of 1759, James Wolfe found a way to take the fort at Quebec by marching up a narrow pathway on the side of the cliff behind the fort. After controlling the path, the British assembled on the “Plains of Abraham” and defeated the French but Wolfe died during the battle. After controlling the path, the British assembled on the “Plains of Abraham” and defeated the French but Wolfe died during the battle.

9. What did Amherst do? Amherst took the fort at Montreal in 1760. Amherst took the fort at Montreal in 1760. This with the fall of Quebec formally ended the fighting in North America. This with the fall of Quebec formally ended the fighting in North America. The “Treaty of Paris” was signed in 1763. The “Treaty of Paris” was signed in 1763. The British now gained many lands. The British now gained many lands.

10. What were the terms of the “Treaty of Paris?” Britain now controlled all of New France, now called “Canada”. Britain now controlled all of New France, now called “Canada”. Spain sided with France and had to give up Florida, but was allowed to keep lands west of the Mississippi and the port of New Orleans. Spain sided with France and had to give up Florida, but was allowed to keep lands west of the Mississippi and the port of New Orleans. Native Americans still living on the land had no representation and were “out in the cold”. Native Americans still living on the land had no representation and were “out in the cold”.

11. What was the Indian’s response? Britain became the Indian’s main trading partners but raised their prices very high to recoup their costs of the war. Britain became the Indian’s main trading partners but raised their prices very high to recoup their costs of the war. This angered many Indians and the British refused to pay the Indians for the lands they claimed drove the Indians back to the battlefield. This angered many Indians and the British refused to pay the Indians for the lands they claimed drove the Indians back to the battlefield.

12. Who was Chief Pontiac? He was an organizer of several bands of Native Americans that hatched a plot to take over all of the British forts in the Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana region along what it now the Canadian border. He was an organizer of several bands of Native Americans that hatched a plot to take over all of the British forts in the Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana region along what it now the Canadian border. He nearly succeeded; he told his followers, "If you are French....join us. If you are English, we declare war against you. Let us have your answer." He nearly succeeded; he told his followers, "If you are French....join us. If you are English, we declare war against you. Let us have your answer."

13. What was “Pontiac’s War?” In the spring of 1763, Pontiac led an alliance of tribes in a joint effort to take all the forts along the Ohio valley and Canada. In the spring of 1763, Pontiac led an alliance of tribes in a joint effort to take all the forts along the Ohio valley and Canada. His victories encouraged the Miamis, Illinois, Weas, Kickapoos, Mascoutens, Delawares, and Shawnees to join. His victories encouraged the Miamis, Illinois, Weas, Kickapoos, Mascoutens, Delawares, and Shawnees to join. While in Pennsylvania & Virginia, Indian tribes killed settlers at will during the summer of 1763. While in Pennsylvania & Virginia, Indian tribes killed settlers at will during the summer of 1763.

14. How did Indians accomplish this? The Ojibwas captured Fort Michilimackinac with their famous ruse of distracting the garrison with a game of lacrosse and following a stray ball into the fort. Pontiac then intercepted some 260 British reinforcements in a bloody encounter on the bridge across Parent's Creek and cut them to pieces.

15. What was the British reaction? Jeffery Amherst, fresh off of his victory at Montreal several months earlier made this now famous quote: "Could it not be contrived to send the small pox among the disaffected tribes of Indians?" He suggested to infect all Indians with smallpox.

16. What ended the war? While Pontiac and his allies were able to win all their objectives, they failed to take Fort Pitt, Niagara, and Detroit. While Pontiac and his allies were able to win all their objectives, they failed to take Fort Pitt, Niagara, and Detroit. In August of 1765, the British defeated the Shawnee & the Delaware Indians. In August of 1765, the British defeated the Shawnee & the Delaware Indians. Pontiac’s other alliances began to come apart as the Powhatan, Ojibwa, Ottawaand Také's Hurons Pontiac’s other alliances began to come apart as the Powhatan, Ojibwa, Ottawa and Také's Hurons abandoned the fight. Pontiac had little choice but to surrender and was pardoned by the British in 1766. Pontiac had little choice but to surrender and was pardoned by the British in 1766.

17. What happened to Pontiac? His overture of peace to the British made him appear like a traitor to other Native Americans. He was banished by his own tribe. He was later murdered by a Peoria Indian in the village of Cahokia.

18. What was the Proclamation of 1763? King George, heavily in debt from fighting wars on several fronts, wanted to avoid any more fighting. King George, heavily in debt from fighting wars on several fronts, wanted to avoid any more fighting. This paper declared the Appalachian Mountains were the boundary for colonization. This paper declared the Appalachian Mountains were the boundary for colonization. This angered many settlers wanting to profit from Indian lands and set the ball rolling for the American Revolution. This angered many settlers wanting to profit from Indian lands and set the ball rolling for the American Revolution.

19. Continued The Proclamation of 1763 also served as the new foundation of relations between the First Nations (Indians) and the British. Pontiac's military successes played a major role in demonstrating to the British that aboriginal peoples were still masters of their own ancestral lands. That principle was written into the Royal Proclamation and is the basis of First Nations land claims to this day.

20. Now Answer Your EQ: EQ: How did England & France’s European conflict affect the colonies? EQ: How did England & France’s European conflict affect the colonies?