1. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme1 Disasters, conflict and crisis management It is not unlike disaster recovery and risk management

2. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme2 Disasters, conflict and crisis management How to approach the different interventions required: conceptual aspects, definition problems and purpose of the interventionsconceptual aspects, definition problems and purpose of the interventions Are they different sides of the same coin: crisis managements associated with disasters and / or conflict? Conceptual quagmireAre they different sides of the same coin: crisis managements associated with disasters and / or conflict? Conceptual quagmire Methodological problems: needs assessments vs. Causal analysisMethodological problems: needs assessments vs. Causal analysis Operational problems: setting priorities and differentiating emergency from urgency: simultaneity and sequencingOperational problems: setting priorities and differentiating emergency from urgency: simultaneity and sequencing Policy problems: positive vs. negative intervention; resource allocation vs. policy change promotionPolicy problems: positive vs. negative intervention; resource allocation vs. policy change promotion

3. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme3 Vicious circle: Insecurity, conflict and mistrust Human actions progressively deteriorate the socio-economic fabricHuman actions progressively deteriorate the socio-economic fabric Conflict persistence affects stability (positively / negatively)Conflict persistence affects stability (positively / negatively) Impact of instability and insecurity deteriorates governance and potential for recoveryImpact of instability and insecurity deteriorates governance and potential for recovery INSECURITY HUMANACTIONS CONFLICT

4. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme4 * SOCIAL STABILITY SECURITY (Reduced Vulnerability) GOOD GOVERNANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY BREAKING THE CYCLE OF CONFLICT AND RESUMING THE PATH OF DEVELOPMENT The World Bank’s Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Team, SDV

5. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme5 SEQUENCE OF EFFECTS PHENOMENON: Characteristics (physical description, typology and context: war and insecurity, lack of governance, marginalisation and poverty) EFFECTS: Direct (physical on economic, social and natural capital) Indirect (on Flows) LINKAGES Menace Vulnerability Risk Impact/Benefit of reconstruction (global, by sector)  Reduce vulnerability by building “trust” and “consensus”  Synergies for reconstruction: “appropriation” of risk by affected/menaced population (community, social group, sector, country)

6. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme6 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION PREVENTIONPREVENTION the “before” actionsthe “before” actions Actions (programmes, projects) with the objective of anticipating and counteract the negative consequence an event may have (avoidance of conflict) Actions (programmes, projects) with the objective of anticipating and counteract the negative consequence an event may have (avoidance of conflict) It implies namely operational and organisation actions to build communication, trust and mutual respect, training of potentially affected groups and population to promote consensus building through mutual trust. It implies namely operational and organisation actions to build communication, trust and mutual respect, training of potentially affected groups and population to promote consensus building through mutual trust.

7. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme7 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION (2) MITIGATIONMITIGATION encompasses actions “before”, “during” and “after” encompasses actions “before”, “during” and “after” Actions (programmes, project) with the objective of counteracting (reducing the negative impact) of an occurrence. Actions (programmes, project) with the objective of counteracting (reducing the negative impact) of an occurrence. Includes allocation of resources to reinforce structures, redesign or alter existing elements to reduce vulnerability in addition to training and organisation (including at the community level) Includes allocation of resources to reinforce structures, redesign or alter existing elements to reduce vulnerability in addition to training and organisation (including at the community level) Ownership of actions is fundamental to build trust Ownership of actions is fundamental to build trust

8. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme8 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION (3) VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY calculation made on the basis or exposure to the recurrence of conflict calculation made on the basis or exposure to the recurrence of conflict Risk factors or exposure to danger of existing institutional framework such as: Risk factors or exposure to danger of existing institutional framework such as: –Marginalisation, –Informality, –Pauperization, Conditions of human settlements and localisation of productive activities (primary, industrial, tertiary or services) and their linkage among them and with the environment. Conditions of human settlements and localisation of productive activities (primary, industrial, tertiary or services) and their linkage among them and with the environment.

9. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme9 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION (4) CONFLICT REDUCTIONCONFLICT REDUCTION encompasses actions “before”, “during” and “after” encompasses actions “before”, “during” and “after” Actions (programmes, project) with the objective of reducing vulnerability and exposure to risk Actions (programmes, project) with the objective of reducing vulnerability and exposure to risk Implies trust in functioning institutional arrangements and community involvement Implies trust in functioning institutional arrangements and community involvement Difficulty in setting limits of outside intervention vs. local “sovereignty” or “ownership” Difficulty in setting limits of outside intervention vs. local “sovereignty” or “ownership”

10. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme10 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION (5) RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT (actions to be carried out “before” with consequences “during” and “after”) (actions to be carried out “before” with consequences “during” and “after”) Pro-active strategy (in contrast to re- active response) to reduce vulnerability and counteract risk factors Pro-active strategy (in contrast to re- active response) to reduce vulnerability and counteract risk factors Its objective is conflict reduction Its objective is conflict reduction Is not a sector action but a global set of actions encompassing all sectors, beginning with sound environmental management Is not a sector action but a global set of actions encompassing all sectors, beginning with sound environmental management Is not a conservation policy per-se but requires sustainability criteria both in terms of natural resources and human intervention. Is not a conservation policy per-se but requires sustainability criteria both in terms of natural resources and human intervention.

11. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme11 SOME DEFINITIONS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION (6) CONFLICT MANAGEMENTCONFLICT MANAGEMENT actions to be carried “during” and the immediate (short-term) “after” actions to be carried “during” and the immediate (short-term) “after” The response strategy (re-active strategy) to, after the occurrence of a disaster, intends to counteract its more immediate negative impact and prevent more severe effects in the short term. The response strategy (re-active strategy) to, after the occurrence of a disaster, intends to counteract its more immediate negative impact and prevent more severe effects in the short term. Includes emergency actions (search and rescue, immediate assistance, shelter, sanitary and health campaigns, rehabilitation of lifelines, assessment of emergency needs and first appraisal of reconstruction requirements). Includes emergency actions (search and rescue, immediate assistance, shelter, sanitary and health campaigns, rehabilitation of lifelines, assessment of emergency needs and first appraisal of reconstruction requirements).

12. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme12 Internal policies: Include vulnerability reduction as an objective of development plans alongside goals of: Competitive growth Competitive growth Equitable development Equitable development Sustainable and sustained development Sustainable and sustained development Social participation Social participation External policies: Introduce risk management as part of the regional international agenda, alongside: External competitive insertion External competitive insertion Benefitting from the globalization process Benefitting from the globalization process Inclusive regional insertion Inclusive regional insertion Sectoral components: Monitoring, analysis and conflict forecasting Monitoring, analysis and conflict forecasting Contingency plans in key sectors, for example: Contingency plans in key sectors, for example: Agriculture, cattle raising, Agriculture, cattle raising, rural poverty, rural poverty, energy and baselines energy and baselines Water and health Water and health Interconnected systems Interconnected systems Regulation of basic services with sponsorship of private enterprise Regulation of basic services with sponsorship of private enterprise Focalized plans for vulnerable groups, including employment, food availability and nutrition Focalized plans for vulnerable groups, including employment, food availability and nutrition Education to reduce vulnerability Education to reduce vulnerability Diagnosis and monitoring of vulnerability at the local level Diagnosis and monitoring of vulnerability at the local level Proposed courses of action Restore economic and social fabric Restore and strenghten productive linkages (upstream/downstream) Reduce internal / external vulnerability

13. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme13 Comparison of post-disaster and post conflict analysis / interventions

14. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme14 Comparison of post-disaster and post conflict analysis / interventions (2)

15. CEPAL/ECLACDistance Learning Programme15 Comparison of post-disaster and post conflict analysis / interventions (3)