2. Theory of Continental Drift

3. James Hutton 1785 Uniformitarianism He is known as the father of geology

4. Uniformitarianism The present is the key to the past The present is the key to the past The geological forces and processes of today are the same as those from the past. The geological forces and processes of today are the same as those from the past. These forces are very slow and methodical. These forces are very slow and methodical.

5. Alfred Wegener 1915 Continental Drift

6. Evidence for continental drift Matching Coastlines (jigsaw puzzle) Becomes more of a match when you use the continental shelves.

7. Matching folded mountain Ranges (Atlas, Appalachians, and Scandinavian Highlands)

8. Matching glacial deposits and erosional features

9. Salt beds found in Texas and Germany. These are only created in dry tropical areas. Salt beds found in Texas and Germany. These are only created in dry tropical areas.

10. Coal deposits found in USA. Coal is created in environments similar to the Everglades. Coal deposits found in USA. Coal is created in environments similar to the Everglades.

11. Matching Fossils Plants and animals found on distant lands

12. Lystrosaurus found on Africa, South America, Australia, & Antactica

13. Evidence for continental drift Matching coastlines Matching coastlines Matching folded mountains Matching folded mountains Matching glacier deposits Matching glacier deposits Salt beds in Texas and Germany Salt beds in Texas and Germany Coal beds in West Virginia Coal beds in West Virginia Matching fossils Matching fossils

14. Pangaea A Greek word meaning “All-lands” A Greek word meaning “All-lands” Split apart approximately 200 million years ago (MYBP) Split apart approximately 200 million years ago (MYBP)

15. 1915 maps by Wegener of Pangaea

16. Continental drift Theory that continents drift on the surface of the Earth Theory that continents drift on the surface of the Earth No mechanism proposed No mechanism proposed No one believed this was possible No one believed this was possible

17. Glomar Challenger 1960’s this ship took core samples of ocean floor rocks as it crossed the Atlantic Ocean 1960’s this ship took core samples of ocean floor rocks as it crossed the Atlantic Ocean A map was produced from this data showing the rock types and ages A map was produced from this data showing the rock types and ages From this map a new theory was developed to explain Wegener’s evidence From this map a new theory was developed to explain Wegener’s evidence

18. Unexpected consequence of continental drift