1. Ch. 23 Section 2 Part 1 World War 1 Trench Warfare

2. Horrific TRENCH WARFARE War of Attrition: a war based on wearing the other side down by constant attack and heavy losses.

3. What was Trench Warfare? Outdated style of warfare + machine gun No Man’s Land

4. MASS KILLINGS and DESTRUCTION The Battle of Somme: In this 5-month battle in 1916, the British lost 20,000 men in ONE DAY! (40,000 more were wounded) When the battle was over, ONE MILLION soldiers were killed!!!

5. a. Transportation to the trenches

6. New vehicles of war

7. Communication with the trenches

8. c. Life in the Trenches:

9. Sleep where & when you could How many people do you see in the photo?

10. Dugouts" provided moderate escape from the elements

11. Boredom Soldiers killed in the trenches attracted... RATS!!

12. Rain Creates Trench foot "Duckboards" were built to cut down on trench foot

13. d. The most feared weapon of all...

14. Chemical Weapons 1. Chlorine

15. 2. Mustard gas (heavier/yellow)

16. e. "Shell Shock" The Post traumatic stress disorder of WWI

17. World War 1 Part 2 The Fronts

18. The Fronts of the War The Western Front 1. The Western Front a. The Schlieffen Plan was halted a short distance from Paris at the first battle of Marne b. It was there that both sides dug trenches and neither side could gain the upper hand. c. This lasted for about four years.

19. The Fronts of the War The Eastern Front 2. The Eastern Front a. This front was marked with mobility, and the cost of lives was equally enormous. b. Russian quickly advanced on Germany but were defeated several times. Germany, not threatened by them and focused on the Western countries c. Austria-Hungary, did not fare well in the beginning, they were defeated and tossed out of Serbia by the Russians. d. Italy also turned on the Triple Alliance and joined France, Great Britain & Russia, They attack Austria in May 1915

20. The Fronts of the War New Alliances Formed 3. New Alliances Formed a.Now with Italy on there side the Triple Entente became the Allied Powers (Allies) b.Bulgaria not wanting to be consumed by the Russians join Germany, Austria-Hungary and the newly allied Ottoman Empire to become the Central Powers

21. The Fronts of the War The War Widens 4. The War Widens a. Germany comes to Austria- Hungary’s aid and with the help of Bulgaria pushes Russia deep into their own territory and almost knocks them out of the War. b. The Allies tried to open a Balkan front but failed a most disastrous loss. c. With Italy now on their side France and Great Britain can now focus on attacking Austria-Hungary

22. The Fronts of the War 4. Continued d.By 1917 truly becomes a world war, Lawrence of Arabia urges Arab princes to revolt against Ottoman rulers e.By 1918 British forces from Egypt, India, Australia & New Zealand attack and destroy the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East

23. Where’s the US a.US believed in Isolationism, and tried to remain neutral, not get caught up in a European War. (Monroe Doctrine) b.However the US was trading with Britain & secretly sending ammunitions under civilian and trade ships. Germany new this and with there submarines were destroying all British vessels. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.

24. Where was the US c. In 1915 Germany sank the Lusitania, a British passenger vessel, which killed over 100 Americans, This caused the US to demand Germany stop Unrestricted Warfare d.The Final Straws which rallied the US into the War 1.Germany went back on it’s word and resumed unrestricted Warfare 2.Germany sent a telegram to the Mexican government called the Zimmerman note which outlined a plan that if Mexico attacked the US then Germany would assist them and would ensure that Mexico would get land it loss back in 1845