1. UNIT 3 Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas
EARLY AMERICAN EMPIRES

2. CHAPTER 16: People and Empires in the Americas, 500–1500
Societies in the Americas range from small
tribal bands to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca.
Maya Kings and Cities
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
These are my notes for slide 2
SECTION 4
The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

3. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the impact and influence of early American civilizations upon the rest of the world.
Objective 3.3: Trace the developments of the Incan Empire.
THEME: Culture in the America’s is very different from the European societies we have studied. However, the Maya – Aztec – Incan societies will build wealthy agricultural empires which included achievements in mathematics, calendars, trade, and religious structures.

4. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
CHAPTER 16 SECTION 4
The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
The Inca build a vast empire supported by taxes, governed by a bureaucracy, and linked by extensive road systems.

5. THE INCA Snapshot of Spanish Conquest Watch first 4:30 of Crash Course

6. INCAN BEGINNINGS
Inca live first in high plateau of Andes Mountains
By 1200s, they have a kingdom in Valley of Cuzco
Inca believe that their ruler is descended from sun god, Inti
Only men from 11 noble families were chosen as leader
Pachacuti Builds an Empire
Pachacuti, a powerful emperor, takes control in 1438
By 1500, Inca conquer 80 provinces holding 16 million people
Inca use diplomacy and military force to achieve conquests
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7. CUZCO Capital is Cuzco, which has temples, plazas, palaces
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Organized Rule
Inca divide conquered lands into smaller units to govern easily
Resistant communities were moved.
Make Quechua official language of entire empire
Cities and Government
Inca build cities with same architecture for government buildings. All roads led to Cuzco.
Capital is Cuzco, which has temples, plazas, palaces
The Inca had a socialistic government
They allowed little private commerce or trade.
Incan Society under Pachacutec

8. BUREAUCRACY
Bureaucracy is a large amount of jobs to accomplish government work
The ayllu were family groups that made up the government. They are the bureaucracy.
Each family group had a chief.
Divides society into groups of 10; 100; 1,000; 10,000
Chain of command stretches from central government to smallest unit.
Each Incan ruler had a council made from the chiefs

9. GOVERNMENT Demands mita — requirement that people work for state
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Inca government controls economy and society
Use ayllu — extended family group — to control how people live, work.
Built irrigation canals or cut terraces
Divides society into groups of 10; 100; 1,000; 10,000
Demands mita — requirement that people work for state
Cares for the aged and disabled. People were fed in times of drought.
This is compared to modern day SOCIALISM.
Moray

10. COMMUNICATION Public Works Projects Record-Keeping
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Public Works Projects
Government creates public works, including 14,000-mile road network with guest inns for rest. All roads led to Cuzco.
Runners (chasquis) carry messages along the roads
Incan Roads:
Record-Keeping
Inca do not develop system of writing
Use quipu — set of knotted strings — as accounting device

11. RELIGION Inca Gods Religious Practices
Inca have fewer gods than Aztecs
Creator god (Viracocha) and sun god (Inti) are most important
Religious Practices
Women: (mamakuna) Priests draft young women to assist in ceremonies
Teachers, weavers, beer makers
Men: (yamacuna) were also specialized religious workers
Led sacrifices and exchange of goods
Cuzco has magnificent Temple of the Sun decorated in gold
Other cities (Machu Picchu) might have had religious importance as well

12. EMPIRE FALLS
In early 1500s, Inca Empire reaches its height under Huayna Capac
Capac dies, perhaps of smallpox, while touring newly conquered Ecuador
In 1520s, his sons Atahualpa and Huascar split empire
Atahualpa wants control of whole empire and begins civil war
Civil war weakens Inca state, Spanish conquistador Pizarro arrives, captures Atahualpa, conquer Inca in 1532
Francisco Pizarro:
vs.
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Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

13. THE INCA — Assessment
In what way did the Inca add territory to their empire?
Through the strength of their strong military
A combination of military force and diplomacy
Through their creative and intelligent diplomacy
A combination of military force and land purchase
The Incan system of government was similar to which of the following?
Democracy
Socialism
Republic
Oligarchy

14. THE INCA — Assessment
In what way did the Inca add territory to their empire?
Through the strength of their strong military
A combination of military force and diplomacy
Through their creative and intelligent diplomacy
A combination of military force and land purchase
The Incan system of government was similar to which of the following?
Democracy
Socialism
Republic
Oligarchy

15. THE INCA Creation Story http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75kDb2OqB WI