1. Naming Alkanes

2. Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes
Include: branched alkanes, structural isomers
Additional KEY Terms
alkyl group substituent

3. C - C - C Methane CH4 Alkanes
· distinguished by C-C single covalent bonds
· general formula Cn H2n+2
· considered saturated (all single bonds)
Propane
C3H8
C - C - C H
Methane CH4

4. A carbon branch (substituent) off the parent chain is called an Alkyl group.
The alkyl groups follow the same naming system but end in "yl”.
C - C - C - C - C - C C
Formula
Name
–CH3
methyl
–C2H5 or –CH2CH3
ethyl
–C3H7 or –CH2CH2CH3
propyl
Methyl group attached to a hexane parent chain.

5. C C - C - C - C - C - C Find the longest continuous chain of carbons.
This is the parent chain.
2. Branches - Number the carbons of the parent chain from the end that gives the lowest number to the first branch:
Ethyl branch attached to a hexane chain: C 6 1 5 2
C - C - C - C
C - C - 4 3 3 4 5 2 6 1

6. 3. Name each alkyl group including the number of the parent carbon it is attached to showing position.
4. Names are all ONE word.
Hyphens used to separate numbers from words. C 1
3-ethylhexane 2
C - C -
C - C - C - C
3ethylhexane 3 4 5 6

7. Draw the structural formula for 2-methylhexane.

8. 2,4-dimethylpentane
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH3

9. Multiple alkyl groups require prefixes (di, tri) and parent numbers for each.
The alkyls are named in alphabetical order.
Commas are used to separate numbers.
(5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane)
4-ethyl-2-methylhexane C 6 C 5
C - C - C - C
C - C - 4 3 2 1

10. C C C C C - C - C - C - C - C C - C - 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 4 1 23 5 6 7 8 C

11. 1 2 5 3 4 6 7 8
3,3,5trimethyloctane

12. 3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctane

13. CH3CH2CH2CH(C2H5)CH2C(CH3)2CH37 6 5 4 3 2 1
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptane

14. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes
Include: branched alkanes, structural isomers
Additional KEY Terms
alkyl group substituent