1. Lesson 3: Drugs and the Brain

2. 1) Addiction: a condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use. 2) Drug Tolerance: A condition in which a user needs more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drug. 3) Physical Dependence: A state in which the body relies on a given drug in order to function. 4) Psychological Dependence: A state of emotionally or mentally needing a drug in order to function. 5) Withdrawal: Uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugs.

5.  Some drugs can change the way neurons communicate with each other.  These drugs act like neurotransmitters, block neurotransmitters, or change the amount of a neurotransmitter in synapses.  Changing the communication between neurons by interfering with neurotransmitters changes the way we sense, feel, and respond to the world around us.  Changing chemical messages between neurons by use of drugs can in some cases benefit health but in other cases is harmful.

6.  Neurons communication with each other by neurotransmitters. Drugs that affect the brain change how neurotransmitters are sent or received. Thus, such drugs can change one’s feelings, perceptions, and actions.

8.  Antidepressants are examples of drugs that change the way the brain works in a beneficial way. (correcting levels of Serotonin synapse-reduce depression)  Drugs of abuse such as marijuana, cocaine, and nicotine interrupt the balance between many neurotransmitters needed for normal brain functioning.  These drugs alter our judgment in ways that affect our ability to understand and deal with realty.  If drugs like these are taken over a long period of time, they can create the powerful changes in feelings and behavior that lead to addiction.

9.  Behavioral Warning Signs of Addiction: i. Loss of interest in schoolwork ii. Dramatic change of appearance iii. Change of friends iv. Unexplained mood swings v. Absences from school vi. Dramatic change in eating habits vii. Excessive secretiveness or lying viii. Unexplained need for money

12.  Neurons can keep the working balance that has been established during physical dependence as long as the person keeps taking the drugs.  If the drugs are suddenly removed, the neurons work abnormally.  The uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugs is called withdrawal.

14.  People who are addicted to drugs are both physically and psychologically dependent on drugs.  Most communities offer a variety of treatment programs. In treatment, patients receive help in getting off the drug to which they are addicted, as well as counseling to understand why they have become addicted.  Counseling also helps the addict cope with life without the drug. The sooner the treatment is started, the easier it is to do so. The sooner an addict, or drug abuser who is on his way to becoming an addict, starts treatment, the better. Despite all the brain changes that happen and behaviors that addicts learn, they recover.  One fool proof way to avoid addiction-don’t use drugs of abuse.  Nicotine and alcohol, both of which are highly additive, are illegal for teens to use.

15.  Turn to page 234 in your text book. Answer review questions #1-10.