1. Chapter Dental Public Health & Research Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Third Edition Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Evaluation of Scientific Literature and Dental Products 19

2. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Objectives After studying this chapter, the dental hygiene student should be able to: Describe the evaluation of dental care products. Defend the dental hygienist’s value in advocating the use of effective dental care products and treatment modalities.

3. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Objectives (cont'd) Educate the public in dental care product evaluation. Effectively critique dental research reported in dental publications.

4. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Competencies After studying this chapter and participating in accompanying course activities, the dental hygiene student should be competent to do the following: Use evidence-based decision making to evaluate and incorporate emerging treatment modalities. Assume responsibilities for dental hygiene actions and care based on accepted scientific theories and research as well as the accepted standard of care.

5. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Regulation of Dental Care Products Dental care products are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is housed within the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA ensures that food, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products are safe, and that medicines and medical devices are safe and effective. Without FDA approval, a manufacturer may not legally market a product.

6. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe FIGURE 19-1 Regulation of Dental Care Products

7. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe ADA Seal of Acceptance Program Offers guidelines for testing and advertising products Program is voluntary ADA reviews oral care products and declares them safe, effective, and worthy of the ADA seal.

8. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_2ku_5kARQjM/SzQJ5IDYIWI/AAAAAAAAAFY/FCSE0V8uNlY/s400/ada_seal.gif

9. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe ADA Seal of Acceptance Program (cont'd) Awarded for 3 years Typically promotes the DDS as the expert and neglects the RDH Most effective public relations campaign for a professional association

10. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Dental Hygiene Recommendations Product and treatment modalities should be based upon documented evidence. Documented evidence includes scientific literature and reported product findings.

11. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Dental Hygiene Recommendations (cont'd) A seal is not always a reliable gauge of safety or effectiveness. An RDH must know how to effectively critique published research in order to make accurate recommendations.

12. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Where to Research Dental Care Products Sales representatives Clinical reports Published peer-reviewed articles Dental hygiene schools Dental schools Continuing education courses or seminars

13. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Where to Research Dental Care Products (cont'd) Internet –This should be used with caution as many sites are not peer-reviewed. –Professional organizations, community foundations, or government agencies Websites are usually more reliable.

14. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

15. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

16. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Evaluation of Advertisements Be aware of what advertisements imply or promote to patients. Branding can be found in magazines, movies, infomercials, and billboards.

17. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Evaluation of Advertisements (cont'd) Making information about dental products available to the patients allows them to assess the validity of manufacturers’ claims. The RDH should be familiar with common ingredients used in dental care products.

18. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

19. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

20. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe How to Evaluate Scientific Literature Understand the inherent quality in a well- written study. Know how to assess each part of a study. Practice should be based on causation and control of evidence.

21. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe How to Evaluate Scientific Literature (cont'd) The method of evaluation depends on the characteristics of the studies. –Abstract –Introduction –Literature review –Methodology –Results and discussion –Conclusion and recommendation

22. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

23. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

24. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

25. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Abstract The section of a study that condenses the purpose of the study, previous findings, the methodology, and results of the discussion into one page or less Reports recommendations of future studies Gives an overview of the entire project

26. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Introduction Provides a clear, concise purpose statement for the research study Is a very important component of the study

27. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Literature Review Provides a brief, detailed outline of the previous research, clinical care standards, landmark studies, and commentaries that impact the study Must have current information

28. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Literature Review (cont'd) Landmark studies assist in explaining a phenomenon and provide historical context for a disease or treatment. Information should be from reputable journals.

29. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Methodology Describes the methods and materials used for the study Must contain: –A sample selection –A sample size –Ethical considerations –A research design –The product usage –The quality of the examiners –The statistical significance

30. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Results and Discussion Includes the findings of the study and a discussion regarding the study Compares the findings with those of other related studies

31. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Results and Discussion (cont'd) Discusses implications for dental hygiene practice, education, and research Recommendations or plans for future studies Can be published in peer-reviewed publications

32. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe

33. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Conclusion and Recommendation States the conclusion of the study and addresses implications Discusses theories that relate to dental hygiene practice–the profession, education, and research Suggests recommendations for further studies

34. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dental Public Health & Research: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 3/e Christine Nielsen Nathe Summary Dental hygienists should be able to understand and evaluate published reports and educate consumers regarding dental care products. Understanding the principles of research methods will enhance the dental hygienist’s knowledge of evidence-based dentistry.