1. natural
sciences 5

2. How are living things classified?
Groups of living things with similar cells are called kingdoms. There are five kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Monera, Fungi and Protista.
The Animal kingdom can be divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. Fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals are all vertebrates. Worms and snails are invertebrates: they don’t have a spinal column.

3. What are the characteristics of mammals?
All mammals have lungs to breathe. Mammals have skin and hair. Most mammals have four legs. Almost all mammals are viviparous.

4. What are the characteristics of reptiles?
Reptiles have hard scales. Reptiles have lungs to breathe. Many reptiles have four legs, but snakes don’t have legs. Reptiles are oviparous.

5. What are the characteristics of fish?
Fish breathe with their gills. They have a long body covered with scales. Fish have fins and tails. Almost all fish are oviparous.

6. What are the characteristics of birds?
Birds have lungs and four extremities: two wings and two legs. Birds have aerodynamic bodies. Birds are oviparous.

7. What are the characteristics of amphibians?
Amphibians have thin, smooth skin and they have four legs. When they’re young, they have gills to breathe. When they become adults, they grow lungs to breathe. Amphibians are oviparous.

8. How do we classify invertebrate animals?
Foto panda, bee and pig p. 6
Invertebrate animals are classified into six groups: arthropods, molluscs, porifera, coelenterates, echinoderms and annelids.

9. What different types of body coverings do invertebrates have?
Turtle/eagle/cheetah p. 6
Hard shell
Exoskeleton
No protective body covering

10. How can we classify seed plants?
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Turtle/eagle/cheetah p. 6
Angiosperms produce flowers. Gymnosperms produce cones.

11. How can we classify non-seed plants?
Ferns
Mosses
Turtle/eagle/cheetah p. 6
Non-seed plants produce spores.

12. What are the Monera, Fungi and Protista kingdoms like?
Turtle/eagle/cheetah p. 6
Many multicellular fungi consist of a cap, a stem and a network of hyphae. These are long tubular structures.
Monerans are simple unicellular organisms. They don’t have bodies.
Protists can be unicellular or multicellular.

13. What have we learnt? There are five kingdoms ... Animal Plant Monera
Fungi
Protista

14. What have we learnt? Vertebrates can be classified into... mammals
reptiles
fish
amphibians
birds

15. ¿Cómo se clasifican los animales invertebrados?
Los animales invertebrados se pueden clasificar en seis grupos: artrópodos, moluscos, esponjas, celentéreos, equinodermos y gusanos (anélidos).