2. Terror Grips France What happens during “The Reign of Terror”?

3. Rise of Jacobins 1791: National Assembly adopts a new constitution Limits Kings power & includes Declaration of the Rights of Man Louis XVI reluctantly accepted the new constitution Prussia & Austria demand France return to an absolute monarchy French National Assembly declares war on Prussia & Austria VS Angry mob forms in Paris and jails Louis & his family A radical faction called the Jacobins seized control of the govt. Led by Jean-Paul Marat & Georges Danton, Jacobins call for death for those who support King Louis is put on trial for treason - he is found guilty & executed When Marat is killed Jacobins want revenge on Marie Antoinette

4. Biography: Marie Antoinette 1. What evidence is used against Louis in his trial? 2. How do the French Revolutionaries get revenge on Marie Antoinette?

5. Robespierre & The Reign of Terror After Marie Antoinette’s execution, Jacobins execute other nobles France begins winning key battle in war against Prussia & Austria Other countries join against France (Britain, Netherlands, Spain) Although he was progressive on issues like slavery, he ruled France as a dictator Robespierre forms Committee for Public Safety, must protect the Revolution from its enemies Robespierre has 40,000 executed 85% were from the 3 rd estate Robespierre’s rule is the Reign of Terror Fearing their own safety, members of the Assembly called for the arrest & execution of Robespierre Jacobins, now led by Maximilien Robespierre, order a draft – 800K citizens now in army

6. The Guillotine – Capital Punishment in France Pg 225 Questions: (Answer in notes) 1) Who was the guillotine named after and how did they justify the machine? 2) What group in France was executed the most? 3) When was the guillotine first introduced in France and how did crowds react to it? 4) What did many doctors believe happened after the execution? 5) Do you feel the guillotine is cruel and unusual punishment? Why/why not?