1. Two cell types Prokaryotes -simple Pro=before kary=nucleus NO nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small in size Usually unicellular organisms (bacteria) Eukaryotes - complex Eu=true kary=nucleus Has a nucleus Has membrane-bound organelles: nucleus, vacuole, mitochondrion… Large in size Mostly multicellular organisms

2. Cell Parts Animal Cell Plant Cell

3. Nucleus: Control Center Contains the DNA: the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Nucleolus: where the assembly of ribosomes begins

4. Vacuoles : Storage Center Vacuoles store materials like water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates Plant: 1 large Animal: many, small

5. Ribosomes: Assembly (synthesis) Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes Ribosome: small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells Takes orders directly from DNA “boss”

6. Mitochondria: The Powerhouse Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Has an inner and outer membrane (more surface area inside)

7. Cell Membrane: Barrier Cell Membrane: flexible; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Provides protection and support

8. Plants only: Chloroplasts - Energy Chloroplasts: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS Inside looks like a stack of green coins

9. Plants only: Cell Wall: Support/Protect Cell Wall: outside the cell membrane; it helps support, shape, and protect plant cells Composed of cellulose

10. Animals only: Centrioles: Organize Cell Division Centrioles: Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division Animal cells have them; plants DON’T

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Internal Membrane System Rough ER: ribosomes on surface; ribosomes insert new proteins into rough ER where they may be chemically modified Smooth ER: hold a collection of enzymes

12. Golgi Apparatus: Post Office Golgi Apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell