1. HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?

2. Nucleus Contains DNA - chromosomes 2 membranes surrounding it, the envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities – including information needed to make proteins

3. Microtubules Part of cytoskeleton Hollow tubes made of tubulin Hold organelles in place, maintain a cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell Ex. cilia, flagella, centrioles

4. Cell Membrane Covers cell surface Determines what enters or exits the cell – selectively permeable

5. Prokaryotic Cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Bacteria and Archea

6. Hooke First person to identify and name cells – coined the term “cell”

7. Microfilaments Part of cytoskeleton Long threads made of actin Changes cell shape, especially during muscle contraction Allows movement of cytoplasm within the cell (cytoplasmic streaming)

8. Rough ER Transports materials within or out of the cell has ribosomes attached produces phospholipids and proteins

9. Golgi Bodies/Apparatus Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to here for final modifications; Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages and secretes various molecules

10. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes to break down large molecules as well as non- functioning cell parts and cells Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex

11. Leeuwenhoek Looked at living cells in pond water; invented first mini-microscope

12. Centrioles Used in cell division Seen in animal cells

13. Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound (attached to ER) Produced in nucleolus Made of RNA and proteins

14. Smooth ER Transports materials within and out of the cell Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol No ribosomes attached

15. Eukaryotic Type of cell with a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles Plant, protists, animal and fungi

16. Mitochondria Transfer energy from organic molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy) Muscle cells have lots of these Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE Inner folds called cristae to increase surface area

17. Plant Cell Type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

18. Virchow Stated cells come from the division of preexisting cells

19. Cytoskeleton General term to describe the structures that give cells internal organization, shape, and ability to move

20. Cell Wall Made of cellulose Protects, prevents excess H 2 O uptake, maintains shape of plant cell

21. Animal Cell Type of cell with lysosomes and centrioles Lack a cell wall

22. Chloroplasts Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO 2 and H 2 O Contains chlorophyll Responsible for photosynthesis

23. Vacuole Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and other materials Largest organelle in a plant cell

24. Schleiden Stated all plants are made of cells

25. Schwann Stated all animals are made of cells

26. Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells

27. Chromosomes Structures that form when DNA supercoils around proteins Organizes DNA for cell division

28. Chromatin Uncondensed/uncoiled DNA DNA present in this form when the cell is not dividing

29. Vesicle Stores and moves materials between cell organelles (ie. Rough ER to golgi) Moves materials to and from the cell membrane

30. Cilia Short, hair-like projections found on the outside of cells Used for movement

31. Flagella Long, tail-like projections found on the outside of cells Used for movement

32. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus Contains the organelles of the cell

33. Nucleolus Found inside of the nucleus Makes ribosomes