1. Chemical reactions CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 Reactants: Molecules going into a reaction Products: Molecules coming out of a reaction

2. Activation energy- the amount of energy necessary to get a reaction started REACTANTS ACTIVATION ENERGY PRODUCTS

3. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

4. SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX PRODUCTS ENZYME Unchanged & Reusable ENZYME Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next ACTIVE SITE

5. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY pH Temperature Concentration of substrate or enzymes Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to Denature.

6. Denaturing changes the shape of the active site so substrates cannot bind to the enzyme. Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

7. Many enzyme NAMES end in -ase and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA Protease= breaks down proteins ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP Lactase= breaks down lactose