1. Module 6 MM5: Overview William J. Gutowski, Jr. Iowa State University

2. GOALS: Flow of information in MM5 system Tasks of individual codes Emphasis on climate simulation Module 6 MM5: Overview

3. OUTLINE:  Overall System  Preprocessing  MM5 details Module 6 MM5: Overview

4. OUTLINE:  Overall System Module 6 MM5: Overview

5. REGRID INTERPF MM5 Modeling System Preprocessing TERRAIN

6. REGRID INTERPF MM5 MM5 Modeling System Preprocessing Simulation TERRAIN

7. MM5 REGRID INTERPF Output Analysis MM5 Modeling System Preprocessing Simulation Postprocessing TERRAIN GRAPH/RI P

8. TERRAIN REGRID MM5 Output Analysis MM5 Modeling System RAWINS/little_r INTERP B NESTDOWN INTERPF GRAPH/RI P

9. MM5 Coordinates: Vertical

11. MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal I J (1,1) (IMAX,JMAX)

12. MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal XXX XXX XXX I J (1,1) (IMAX,JMAX)

13. MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal XXX XXX XXX I J (1,1) (IMAX,JMAX) u,v T,q,p’,w Arakawa B-grid

14. MM5 Modeling System How does a “flat” grid... XX XX

15. MM5 Modeling System How does a “flat” grid......represent part of the spherical earth? XX XX ?

16. MM5 Modeling System By projection to a flat plane

17. MM5 Modeling System Polar Stereographic True at 90 o

18. MM5 Modeling System Lambert Conformal True at, e.g., 30 o and 60 o

19. MM5 Modeling System Mercator True at 0 o

20. MM5 Modeling System Map Factor: m = (distance on grid)/(distance on earth)

21. MM5 Modeling System Forcing Frame: for lateral boundary conditions “free” interior

22. MM5 Modeling System Other Features: Nonhydrostatic Grid nesting

23. OUTLINE:  Overall System  Preprocessing Module 6 MM5: Overview

24. REGRID INTERPF Preprocessing TERRAIN

25. Preprocessing Data preparation:  topography  land use  gridded, 3-D atmospheric fields  wind  temperature  humidity  geopotential height  initial surface conditions  soil moisture  soil temperature  (direct observations)

26. Preprocessing TERRAIN (1) establishes model domain and grid (2) interpolates topographic and land use data to model grid

27. Preprocessing TERRAIN domain specifications: projection

28. Preprocessing TERRAIN domain specifications: projection central latitude/longitude

29. Preprocessing TERRAIN domain specifications: projection central latitude/longitude # of grid points (IMAX,JMAX)

30. Preprocessing TERRAIN domain specifications: projection central latitude/longitude # of grid points grid spacing (IMAX,JMAX)  X,  Y

31. Preprocessing TERRAIN input: 1. Topographic data 1 o 30 min. 10 min. 5 min. 30 sec.

32. Preprocessing TERRAIN input: 2. Land use/vegetation data PSU/NCAR (13 categories, global) SiB (17 categories, North America) USGS (25 categories, global)

33. Preprocessing TERRAIN input: 3. Land/water mask SiB (North America) USGS (global)

34. Preprocessing TERRAIN input: 4. Soil texture 5. Monthly vegetation fraction 6. Deep soil temperature

35. Preprocessing TERRAIN interpolation options: 16-point, 2-D overlapping parabolic fit (all TERRAIN fields) Cressman-type objective analysis (topography only)

36. Preprocessing TERRAIN output files:  terrestrial data files  printout (run information) file  plot file in NCAR Graphics format

37. REGRID INTERPF Preprocessing TERRAIN

38. Preprocessing REGRID Interpolates gridded atmospheric data horizontally to model grid

39. Preprocessing REGRID input: TERRAIN output Atmospheric analysis on pressure levels

40. Preprocessing REGRID output: Atmospheric data on model’s horizontal grid (on pressure levels)

41. REGRID INTERPF Preprocessing TERRAIN

42. Preprocessing INTERPF Interpolates atmospheric data vertically to model grid Generates surface fields: pressure, air temperature Initializes nonhydrostatic model

43. Preprocessing INTERPF 1. Ingest REGRID output 2. Interpolate vertically to  coordinate 3. Output initial conditions & lateral boundary conditions

44. OUTLINE:  Overall System  Preprocessing  MM5 details Module 6 MM5: Overview

45. REGRID INTERPF MM5 MM5 details Preprocessing Simulation TERRAIN

46. Conservation laws: (1) Projected to model grid (2) Transformed to sigma coordinates MM5 details Earlier: Tutorial, p.8-4:

47. Conservation laws: (1) Projected to model grid (2) Transformed to sigma coordinates MM5 details Earlier: Tutorial, p.8-4:

48. Time Stepping: MM5 details tt tt n-1nn+1 T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis, diffusion terms Long (leapfrog) step

49. Split-explicit Time Stepping: MM5 details tt tt  n-1nn+1 T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis, diffusion terms pressure gradients, divergence terms Short (forward) step Long (leapfrog) step

50. MM5 details Convection parameterization Options - None Anthes-Kuo Grell Arakawa-Schubert Fritsch-Chappell Kain-Fritsch Betts-Miller Shallow Cumulus

51. MM5 details Explicit Moisture Schemes Options - Dry Stable Warm microphysics Simple ice Mixed phase Goddard Reisner graupel Schultz microphysics

52. Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes MM5 details Options - None Bulk High-Res. Blackadar Burk-Thompson Eta MRF Gayno-Seaman

53. MM5 details Radiation Schemes Options - None Simple cooling Cloud-radiation CCM2 RRTM longwave

54. MM5 details Land Surface Schemes Options - None Force-Restore Five-Layer Soil OSU/Eta Land-Surface Model

55. MM5 details Scheme Couplings Radiation Surface Explicit Moisture Convection PBL cloud moistening downward SW & LW upward LW & albedo sfc. fluxes sfc. T,q,wind

56. REGRID INTERPF MM5 Output Analysis MM5 Modeling System Preprocessing Simulation Postprocessing TERRAIN GRAPH/RI P