1. Network Mobility (NEMO) Advanced Internet 2004 Fall
2004/11/3
Hosik Cho

2. Contents Introduction Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility References
Basic Operation
Route Optimization
Return Routability Procedure
Network Mobility
Basic Support
Extended Support
Research Issues
References

3. Mobility (1) Application Layer Mobility User Mobility Service Mobility
SIP (session initiation protocol)

4. Mobility (2) Network Layer Mobility Terminal (Host) Mobility
Mobile IPv4 & Mobile IPv6
Network Mobility
NEMO
Internet

5. Mobility (3) Transport Layer Mobility mSCTP Internet AR CN MN
IP:
IP:
Step 3.
Changing the primary IP address
Primary path
change
Internet AR CN MN
IP:
IP:
Step 4.
Deleting the old IP address from the SCTP association
DELETE IP
Internet AR CN MN
IP:
IP:
Step 1.
Obtaining an IP address for a new location
Internet AR CN MN
IP:
IP:
Step 0.
MN initiates an association with CN
Internet AR CN MN
IP:
IP:
Step 2.
Adding the new IP address to the SCTP association
ADDIP

6. Mobile IP IP addressing scheme is optimized for stationary environment
Addresses are assigned to each interfaces
Point of attachment changes  IP address changes
Maintain transport and higher-layer connections

7. Mobile IP - Basic IP level, Routing-based approach Agent Discovery
ICMP compatible protocol
When moved / returned
Agent advertisement / solicitation message
Registration
With FA(or MN) and HA
Tunneling
Encapsulation

8. Mobile IPv4 MN FA HA CN Agent Solicitation Agent Advertisement
Registration Request
Registration Reply
Data received
agent discovery
registration
tunneling MN FA HA CN
Encapsulation
Decapsulation

9. Equivalent Mobile IPv6 Concept
MIPv4 vs. MIPv6
Mobile IPv4 Concept
Equivalent Mobile IPv6 Concept
Mobile node, home agent,
foreign link
(same)
Mobile node’s home address
Globally routable home address and link-local home address
Foreign agent
A “plain” IPv6 router on the foreign link
(foreign agent no longer exists)
Collocated care-of address
Care-of address obtained via Agent Discovery, DHCP, or manually
Care-of address obtained via Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, DHCP, or manually
Agent Discovery
Router Discovery
Authenticated registration with home agent
Authenticated notification of home agent and other correspondents
Routing to mobile nodes via tunneling
Routing to mobile node via tunneling and source routing
Route optimization via separate protocol specification
Integrated support for route optimization

10. Binding Acknowledgement Binding Acknowledgement
Mobile IPv6
MN  CoA CN
foreign link AR
home link HA
Bidirectional tunnel
Binding Acknowledgement
Binding Update
MN  CoA
Binding Acknowledgement
Binding Update MN MN
CN: Correspondent Node
AR: Access Router
HA: Home Agent
MN: Mobile Node
BU: Binding Update
BA: Binding Acknowledgment
HoA: Home Address
CoA: Care-of Address
Mobile IPv6 basic operation with Route Optimization

11. Mobile IPv6 (Cont’d) MN AR HA CN Intercept & Tunneling
Router Solicitation
Router Advertisement
Binding Update
Binding Acknowledgement
User packet using Routing Header MN AR HA CN
First User Packet (If CN doesn’t have binding information of MN)
Intercept & Tunneling

12. Basic Operation Bidirectional Tunneling Route Optimization
CN does not require Mobile IPv6
Packets to CN are tunneled to HA
Reverse tunneling
Route Optimization
MN registers its binding at CN
CN maintain Binding Cache
Packets from CN can be routed directly to CoA of MN

13. Route Optimization Shortest communications path
Eliminate congestion at MN’s HA and home link
Reducing the impact of any possible failure of HA or home network
IPv6 routing header Type 2
Home Address destination option
Return routability procedure

14. Type 2 Routing Header
Allow the packet to be routed directly from a CN to MN’s CoA
Differ from regular IPv6 source routing
Source : CN’s address
Destination : MN’s CoA
RH type 2 : MN’s HoA

15. Return Routability ProcedureMN CN HA
Node key (Kcn)
Nonces
Cookie
Home Test Init (HoTI)
Care-of Test Init (CoTI)
compute keygen token
Home Test (HoT)
Keygen token  Kbm
Nonce index
Care-of Test (CoT)
Binding Update (BU)
Binding Acknowledgement (BA)
draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-21.txt

16. Network Mobility (NEMO)
NEMO manages the mobility of an entire network, viewed as a single unit
Mobile Router (MR) similar to MN
Extension in existing Mobile IPv6
Modified Binding Update message
Many-to-one binding in Binding Cache

17. Terminology HA(Home Agent) MR(Mobile Router) MN(Mobile Node)
LFN(Local Fixed Node)
LMN(Local Mobile Node)
VMN(Visiting Mobile Node)
Mobile Network prefix CN
foreign link AR
home link HA HA
MN’s home link MN
Router
LFN MR
Router
LFN MR
VMN

18. Example MR
LMN
VMN MR
VMN
LFN AR

19. NEMO - problem Binding Cache has no entry for LFN !! CN Binding Cache:
foreign link AR
home link HA
Binding Cache:
3ffe:306:1130:100:eui64 -> COA
Listen NDP request for MR
Binding cache has entry for MR
HA answers with its address MR
LFN
Home address
3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64
COA
3ffe:306:5555:7777::eui64
3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64
Routing table Lookup for LFN
MR is the next hop toward LFN
NDP for MR
Binding Cache has no entry for LFN !!

20. NEMO - solution Prefix Scope Binding Update (PSBU)
draft-ernst-mobileip-v6-network-03.txt
Mobile Router Tunneling Protocol (MRTP)
draft-kniveton-mobrtr-03.txt
Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol
draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support-03.txt
draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-02.txt
draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-03.txt

21. NEMO basic support CN foreign link AR home link HA Binding Cache:
3ffe:306:1130:100:eui64 -> COA
3ffe:306:1130:200 /64 -> COA
Binding Update
3ffe:306:1130:100:: /64
3ffe:306:5555:7777:: /64 MR
LFN
3ffe:306:1130:200:: /64
Home address
3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64
3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64 MR
LFN
Home address
3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64
COA
3ffe:306:5555:7777::eui64
3ffe:306:1130:200:: /64
3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64

22. NEMO extended support
Route Optimization
Multihoming

23. Route Optimization CN HA
(VMN)
(MR2)
(MR1)
MR1
MR2
VMN

24. RO approaches draft-clausen-nemo-ro-problem-statement-00.txt
draft-thubert-nemo-ro-taxonomy-03.txt
draft-hkang-nemo-ro-tlmr-00.txt
draft-jeong-nemo-ro-ndproxy-02.txt
draft-leekj-nemo-ro-pd-02.txt
draft-na-nemo-gen-ro-model-00.txt
draft-na-nemo-nested-path-info-00.txt
draft-ng-nemo-access-router-option-01.txt
draft-ohnishi-nemo-ro-hmip-00.txt
draft-thubert-nemo-reverse-routing-header-05.txt
draft-wakikawa-nemo-orc-00.txt

25. Multihoming MR in Mobile Networks Single point of Failure
Transit for all traffic
Connected via Wireless Links
High error rate and bursty errors
Location-dependent and time-varying wireless link capacity
Scarce bandwidth
Power constraint of the mobile hosts

26. Multihoming (Cont’d) Motivation of Multhoming Session preservation
Redundancy
Failure recovery
Load sharing
Preference

27. Multihoming (Cont’d) AR Satellite network D:: MR Core IP network HA
Cellular network
WLAN network
D::
C::
A::
B:: AR

28. Research Issues Mobile Router Advertisement
Hierarchical information
Power saving
Route Optimization in nested NEMO
Eliminate pinball routing
NEMO Prefix delegation
Dynamic NEMO prefix assignment

29. References IETF MIP6 WG Request For Comments:
Request For Comments:
Mobility Support in IPv6 (RFC 3775)
Using IPsec to Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling between Mobile Nodes and Home Agents (RFC 3776)

30. References IETF NEMO WG I-Ds about Terminology and Requirements:
I-Ds about Terminology and Requirements:
draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-02.txt
draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-03.txt
NEMO Basic Solution
draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support-03.txt