1. Karyotype Lab Page 106

2. Congratulations! You got a job as a lab Tech 1. Cut out all chromosomes from page 109 2. Arrange chromosomes in Homologous pairs. 3. Tape each homologous pair down on page 111. 4. Fill out info at the bottom of page 111 –Number of chromosomes –Sex of subjectType of Disorder

3. Karyotype: a photo of chromosomes dividing in a cell where the chromosomes are cut out and arranged by size and shape.

4. Is it a Boy or a Girls? B. Male determines sex of a child –1. Female- has two XX chromosomes –2. Male has one X and one Y chromosome

5. Prenatal Testing 1. Amniocentesis- a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus and cells are karyotyped. 2. Chronic villi sampling- a tissue sample taken from the chronic villi in placenta used to make a karyotype http://www.sah.org.au/SUW/Obstetrical/images/AmnioImage001.jpg

6. Chronic Villi Sampling http://www.pennhealth.com/health_info/pregnancy/graphics/images/en/19163.jpg

7. Down’s Syndrome

8. Down Syndrome 1. More common in women over 40 2. Eggs are old and have accumulated damage. 3. Short stature, round face. Mental retardation. http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/dixb0521.jpg http://www.emedicine.com/ped/images/637Down-SimianCrease.jpg http://www.dsamn.org/photogallery/photoAlbums/DSAMFaces/full/scan0037.jpg

9. Down Syndrome is caused by nondisjunction A. chromosomes don’t separate. B. one cell gets two copies of a chromosome. C. other cell gets none. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/ibbio/genetics/pics/nondisjunction1.gif&imgrefurl=http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/ibbio/genetics/notes/meiosis/nondisjunction.htm&h=203&w=182&sz=10&tbnid=7360W2HvJXEcuM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=88&hl=en&start=27&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnondisjunction%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

10. Klinefelter’s Syndrome http://homepage.smc.edu/hgp/images/klein.gif

11. Symptoms Smaller testes and penis Breast growth (about one-third of teens with KS have breast growth) Less facial and body hair Narrower shoulders and wider hips Reduced sperm production An adult male with KS may have these features: Infertility: Nearly all men with KS are unable to father a biologically-related child without help from a fertility specialist. 4 4 Lower testosterone levels, which lead to less muscle, hair, and sexual interest and function Breasts or breast growth (called gynecomastia, pronounced GUY-nuh- kow-mast-ee-uh). http://www.health-writings.com/img/mf/understanding-klinefelter- syndrome/si55551770_ma.jpg http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/pages/symptoms.asp x

12. Turner’s Syndrome

13. Symptoms No growth spurts at expected times in childhood Short stature, with an adult height of about 8 inches (20 centimeters) less than might be expected for a female member of her family Learning disabilities, particularly with learning that involves spatial concepts or math, though intelligence is usually normal http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner- syndrome/basics/symptoms/CON-20032572 Difficulty in social situations, such as problems understanding other people's emotions or reactions Failure to begin sexual changes expected during puberty Sexual development that "stalls" For most women with Turner syndrome, inability to conceive a child without fertility treatment

14. XYY Syndrome http://www.hallym.or.kr/~kdcp/cytogenetics/cytogen-ds.files/47-XYY.jpg

15. XXX Syndrome http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/images/XYYMale.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/2k4csomaldisordersnotes.html&h=420&w=439&sz=23&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=h852LBrPOOzSwM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkaryotypes%2Btrisomy%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

16. Trisomy 18

17. Symptoms ■VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect): a hole between the lower chambers ■ASD (Atrial Septal Defect): a hole between the upper chambers ■Kidney problems ■Part of the intestinal tract is outside the stomach (omphalocele) ■The esophagus doesn’t connect to the stomach (esophageal artesia) ■Clenched hands ■Pocket of fluid on the brain (choroid plexus cysts) ■Rocker bottom feet ■Delayed growth ■Small jaw (mycrognathia ■Small head (microcephaly) ■Low-set ears ■Strawberry-shaped head ■Severe developmental delays ■Umbilical or inguinal hernia

18. Trisomy 18: Edwards Syndrome http://slevit1.blogspot.com/2009/10/edwards-syndromesomething-you-don-see.html https://ufhealth.org/sites/default/files/graphics/images/en/1763.jpg

19. Trisomy 13 http://images.clinicaltools.com/images/gene/karyotypes/trisomy13.jpg

20. Analysis page 108 6. Different for everyone. 7. It had no other match or homologue. 8. change _______ to make it female. Add an extra 21 st chromosome 9. Everyone’s is different. –We are very sorry to inform you… 10 They can determine any chromosomal abnormalities before the baby is born.

21. What does it mean? Research the following facts about your chromosomal abnormality –1. What are the physical characteristics of the syndrome? –2. Will mental/cognative abilities be impacted? –3. What is their life expectancy? –4. How common is this abnormality? –5. What is the cause of the abnormality? Prepare a one page written report on this abnormality. Due next Friday, March 27

22. What if your Karyotype is normal? Choose one of the following disorders to research –XXX syndrome –XYY syndrome

23. Turn in your own work! 1. Do not plagiarize your information- do not cut and paste the whole assignment! 2. Turn in an original report, don’t turn in one for two people! 3. Do use pictures. 4. Do cite your internet sources. 5. Double space, 12 point font, standard margins