1. Chapter 2 Quiz material pp.39-50 Part 4 of 4 Organic Compounds

2. Use your: 1. Vocabulary worksheet 2. Worksheet with images and quiz questions 3. This PowerPoint (posted on our website) To study for this quiz 25 questions worth 30 points

3. Types of Compounds Two types of compounds important to life: Two types of compounds important to life: Organic Compounds (covering now) Organic Compounds (covering now) Inorganic Compounds (just finished covering last week.) Inorganic Compounds (just finished covering last week.)

4. Biochemistry: Essentials for Life Slide 2.21 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organic compounds Contain carbon Most are covalently bonded

5. Important Organic Compounds 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids 5. ATP

6. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.26 1.Carbohydrates Help fuel your body and keep it functioning properly. Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Include sugars and starches Classified according to size Monosaccharides – simple sugars Disaccharides – two simple sugars joined together- Polysaccharides – long branching chains of linked simple sugars

7. Carbohydrates Slide 2.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.12a, b

8. Carbohydrates Slide 2.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.12c

9. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.29 2.Lipids Come into your body in the form of fat- marbled meats, eggs yolks, milk products, and oils Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen Insoluble in water (will not dissolve in water)

10. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.33a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3.Proteins Made of amino acids Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

11. Important Organic Compounds Proteins (cont.) Slide 2.33b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3.Proteins Account for over 50% of the body’s organic matter Provides for construction materials for body tissues Plays a vital role in cell function Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

12. Enzymes (a type of protein) Slide 2.34 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Act as biological catalysts Catalysts-a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction WITHOUT becoming part of the product or being changed. Enzymes are re-usable-can create a reaction again and again. Can think of enzymes as a wind that makes a fire burn hotter and burn more area. Figure 2.16

13. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.35 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nucleic Acids Your genes are made of these bases Nucleotide bases A = Adenine G = Guanine C = Cytosine T = Thymine U = Uracil (replaces T/RNA) Make DNA and RNA

14. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Organized by complimentary bases to form double helix Replicates before cell division Provides instruction for every protein in the body Figure 2.17c

15. Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Chemical energy used by all cells Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond ATP is replenished by oxidation of food fuels