1. Water On Earth
Chapter 10, Section 1

2. There are two types of water. Can you name them?
Fresh Water
Salt Water

3. Title your paper: Water Smart Quiz Write today’s date Number 1-10
On a sheet of paper:
Write your name
Title your paper: Water Smart Quiz
Write today’s date
Number 1-10

4. Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 1
How does Earth’s water move through the water cycle?
Where are fresh water and salt water found on Earth?

5. What makes Earth so unique?
It is the only planet covered mainly by water
It is the only place where all the things we know about can survive.
Life on Earth could not exist without water.

6. The Water Cycle Has no beginning or end Is powered by the Sun
Naturally recycles our water
Water moves from bodies of water, land, and living things on Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to Earth’s surface

7. Steps of the Water Cycle
Evaporation – liquid water changes to gas (water vapor). Water evaporates from lakes and oceans, and from soil and plants
Condensation – water vapor cools and changes back to liquid water. There must be something (like dust particles) for water vapor to condense on.
Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling to Earth from clouds. Happens when water droplets grow large enough and heavy enough to fall to Earth.

8. The Water Cycle
Makes no sense without caption in book

9. Where is all the Water?
Most of Earth’s water – 97% - is salt water found in oceans
3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.
¾ of the 3% fresh water is frozen in ice caps and glaciers
¼ of the 3% fresh water is underground
A tiny bit of the fresh water is in lakes and rivers
The Great Lakes contain nearly 20% of all lake water
An even smaller amount is in the atmosphere

10. Distribution of Earth’s Water

11. Oceans There are four: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic
There is actually a 5th ocean now, called the Southern Ocean, which is the waters above Antarctica
All the waters are connected so there is one gigantic ocean

12. Surface Water
Chapter 10, Section 2

13. Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 2
What is a river system?
What are the characteristics of ponds and lakes?
What are three types of wetlands and why are they important?

14. Surface Water includes:
Rivers
Ponds
Lakes
Wetlands

15. Rivers
Begin as small streams (often in mountains where snow melts and runs downhill)
Terms
Tributaries – streams and small rivers that feed into a main river
Watersheds – the land surrounding a main river that feeds water to that river. AKA drainage basins
Divides – a ridge of land that separates watersheds. The Continental Divide follows the line of the Rocky Mountains.

16. What is the largest watershed in the US?
- Surface Water
What is the largest watershed in the US?

17. - Surface Water

18. Sea Level and Streams

19. Rivers with Many Meanders

20. Ponds Bodies of fresh, still water
Ponds are smaller and shallower than lakes. Sunlight usually reaches to the bottom of all parts of a pond. Plants usually grow on the bottom.
Ponds form when water collects in low-lying areas of land.

21. - Surface Water
Life in a Pond

22. Lakes
Generally lakes are much deeper and bigger than ponds. Sunlight does not reach the bottom in a deep lake. Plants don’t grow on the bottom.
Lakes can form naturally or can be man-made.
Glaciers can cut through the Earth then melt (the Great Lakes)
Crustal movements can cause deep valleys that fill with water (Lake Victoria in Africa)
Volcanoes can erupt and block a river and form a lake
Empty volcano craters can fill with water to become lakes
People build dams across rivers to make lakes (for drinking water, irrigating fields, recreation).
Lakes that store water for human use are called reservoirs

23. Wetlands
A land area that is covered with water during part or all of the year
Helps control floods and provides habitats for many species
Three types of freshwater wetlands:
Marshes – grassy areas covered by shallow water
Swamps – look like flooded forests with trees and shrubs sprouting from the water; usually in warm, humid climates
Bogs – contains mostly mosses because water is usually acidic; found in cooler northern areas; often formed in depressions left by melting ice sheets thousands of years ago
Coastal wetlands contain both fresh and salt water
Salt marshes – found along both coasts of the US; have tall, strong grasses
Mangrove forests – found along the southeastern coast of the US; mangrove trees are short and have thick, tangled roots

24. Wetlands (continued) Name a famous swamp near us.
The Okefenokee Swamp in south Georgia – translation from Indian: “Land of the Trembling Earth”
Name a famous large wetland area south of us.
The Everglades in south Florida.
Wetlands naturally filter water and help control floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.
Governments have passed laws to protect wetlands because of their value to Earth

25. - Wetland Environmentss
Wetlands of Florida

26. Using Freshwater Resources
Chapter 10 Section 4

27. Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 4
How do people use water?
What are some ways to conserve available fresh water?
How do scientists classify sources of water pollution?

28. - Water Supply and Demand

29. How do people use water? Household purposes Industry Transportation
Toilets, laundry, cooking, showers, washing cars, watering the lawn, washing dishes
Industry
To cool machinery, produce materials such as paper, toilets & sinks
Transportation
Ship items and people
Agriculture
Plants, more water is used for irrigation in the US than any other single purpose
Recreation
Fishing, boating, skiing, swimming, snow skiing, ice skating

30. Water Issues:
No one owns the water. We all have to share it while we are here and remember to leave it usable for the future
Water shortages happen when there is too little precipitation or people use it up too fast, or a combination of both.

31. Conservation of water:
Reduce water use
Recycle water
Reuse water
Look at page 338 for ways to conserve water at home and school.
Industries and agriculture have worked and continue to work to reduce their water usage.

32. - Water Supply and Demand

33. Pollution
The addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or the living things that depend on the water
Substances that cause water pollution are called pollutants
Sources of pollution are classified by how they enter the water
Point source – a specific source of pollution
Nonpoint source – a widespread source that can’t be tied to a specific point of origin (runoff from fields, streets, or construction sites)
Look at page 340 and identify ways to reduce pollution

34. - Freshwater Pollution

35. - Freshwater Pollution

36. - Freshwater Pollution

37. Review Where is most of Earth’s water located?
In the oceans
What percentage of Earth is covered in water?
Approximately 75%
Where is most fresh water located?
In ice caps and glaciers
Huge areas that drain water into a main river are called ____________.
Watersheds or drainage basins
What is water conservation?
Reducing, reusing, and recycling water
What is water pollution? Why do we care?
Chemicals that change our water negatively. We care because we only have a very small amount available for drinking and if it is polluted, we have less to use.

38. Answers to Section 1 Essential Questions:
How does Earth’s water move through the water cycle?
The Sun powers the water cycle and causes evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and precipitation.
Where are fresh water and salt water found on Earth?
Salt water is found in oceans and some lakes. Fresh water is found in the ground, in rivers, lakes, ponds, ice, and the atmosphere.

39. Answers to Section 2 Essential Questions:
What is a river system?
All of the streams and small rivers that drain a watershed and flow into one main river make up a river system.
What are the characteristics of ponds and lakes?
Ponds are small and shallow with habitats from surface to bottom. Lakes are much larger and don’t usually have habitats at the bottom due to lack of sunlight.
What are three types of wetlands and why are they important?
Marshes, swamps, and bogs are important because they help control floods by absorbing flood waters, they filter water to clean it, and offer habitats to many living things.

40. Answers to Section 4 Essential Questions:
How do people use water?
Water is used for cooking, cleaning, personal hygiene, farming, factories, recreation.
What are some ways to conserve available fresh water?
Turn off water when brushing teeth, take shorter showers, flush only when needed, factories reuse water when possible, farmers irrigate responsibly.
How do scientists classify sources of water pollution?
As point or nonpoint source, based upon the location of entrance of the pollutant.