2. Stages of Reproduction 1. Fertilization~ Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube Video/7:07

3. 2. Embryo: A fertilized egg in the first 2 months 3. Fetus: From the 3 rd month on, the embryo is called a fetus.

4. Stages of Birth: 1.Labor – mild contractions pushes the baby against the cervix 2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix and into the birth canal. 3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, the placenta separates and is delivered.

7. An episiotomy may be needed if:  Extensive vaginal tearing appears likey  Your baby is in an abnormal position  Your baby needs to be delivered quickly Video/2:25

8. Identical Twins: Twins developed from the same fertilized egg that splits.

9. Identical twins develop from one zygote that splits and forms 2 embryos Develop in two amniotic sacs Share the same amniotic sac

10. Fraternal Twins: Twins that develop at same time but from separate fertilized eggs.

12. Vaginal Birth: A natural birth of a baby.. Video/:48

13. Breech Birth: Feet or butt of a baby enters the birth canal first. Video/6:04

14. Cesarean Section (C section)~ An incision is made in the abdomen and uterus in order to deliver the baby. Video/3:23

15. Anemia~ Low number of healthy red blood cells, insufficient iron. (The baby takes iron to make red blood cells.) At risk are babies who drink cow's milk before their first birthday. Cow's milk is low in iron. It also interferes with the body's absorption of iron, and it may replace some iron-rich foods in the diet. Milk can also irritate the lining of a baby's intestine, causing bleeding. This slow loss of blood in the stool – along with low iron intake – can cause anemia.

16. Toxemia~ The body retains toxic waste, can lead to weight gain and swollen feet. If left untreated can lead to convulsions and coma.

17. Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract and force a nonliving embryo from the body, usually within the first 3 months. Still Birth~ Occurs when a mother delivers a non living fetus after full term.

18. Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a sterile environment and at a warm temperature until fully developed. Premature Birth~ babies born before they are fully developed.

19. Birth Defects~ Physical or mental disabilities that are present at birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome~ birth defects caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Video/2:53

20. Heredity: Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that carry hereditary information from generation to generation. Every cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from mother and 23 from father.

21. X Chromosomes = Female (XX) Y Chromosomes = Male (XY)

22. Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into smaller units which contain instructions to help determine a certain characteristic of an individual. DNA ~ makes up the genes

23. Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait coded for by the gene even if only one gene is present. Recessive Genes~ Occurs only if a Dominant gene is not present. (ex…rolling your tongue)

24. Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic fluid from the mother. Ultrasound~ Sound waves used to produce images of the fetus. Video/3:52